Ver el código de «Coeficiente de resistencia en automóviles»

[[File:Rumpler Tropfenwagen.jpg|thumb|300px|El [[Rumpler Tropfenwagen|Tropfenwagen]] de [[Edmund Rumpler]] de 1921, fue el primer automóvil diseñado aerodinámicamente producido en serie, antes que el [[Chrysler Airflow]] y el [[Tatra 77]]]]

El '''coeficiente de resistencia de un automóvil''' es un factor que se tiene en cuenta cuando se [[diseño de automóviles|diseña]] un vehículo nuevo, dada su relación con sus otras características de rendimiento. Desde el punto de vista [[aerodinámica|aerodinámico]], el [[coeficiente de resistencia]] sirve para cuantificar la resistencia al avance que experimenta un vehículo cuando atraviesa el aire que lo rodea. La resistencia aerodinámica aumenta con el cuadrado de la velocidad; por lo tanto, adquiere una importancia crítica cuanto más deprisa se circula. Reducir el coeficiente de resistencia en un automóvil mejora su rendimiento principalmente en lo que respecta a su velocidad y a la eficiencia del consumo de combustible.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nextbigfuture.com/2009/03/reducing-drag-on-cars-and-trucks-by-15.html |title=Reducing Drag on Cars and Trucks by 15-18% |first=Brian |last=Wang |work=Next Big Future |date=2009-03-16 |access-date=2018-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004456/https://www.nextbigfuture.com/2009/03/reducing-drag-on-cars-and-trucks-by-15.html |archive-date=2018-01-29 }}</ref> Una forma común de evaluar la resistencia aerodinámica de un vehículo es mediante el producto de su área frontal y de su coeficiente de resistencia.

== Reducción de la resistencia ==
La reducción de la resistencia aerodinámica en los vehículos de carretera ha dado lugar a aumentos en su velocidad máxima y en su eficiencia en el consumo de combustible, así como a la mejora de muchas otras características de rendimiento, como su estabilidad de marcha o su capacidad de aceleración.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://aerocivic.com/ |title=Aerocivic - Honda Civic modifications for maximum gas mileage - |first=Mike |last=Turner |website=aerocivic |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref> Los dos factores principales que influyen en la resistencia son el área frontal del vehículo y el [[coeficiente de resistencia]]. El coeficiente de resistencia es un valor adimensional (sin unidades) que indica cuánto resiste un objeto al movimiento a través de un fluido como el agua o el aire. Una posible complicación de alterar la aerodinámica de un vehículo es que puede provocar que tienda a elevarse demasiado. La [[sustentación]] es una fuerza aerodinámica que actúa perpendicularmente al flujo de aire alrededor de la carrocería del vehículo. Demasiada elevación puede hacer que el vehículo pierda tracción en la carretera, lo que puede hacerlo muy inseguro.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.camaro-untoldsecrets.com/articles/rpo_d80.htm |title=Camaro Spoiler Equipment |first=Wayne D. |last=Guinn |website=Camaro - Untold Secrets |location=US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000519115318/http://www.camaro-untoldsecrets.com/articles/rpo_d80.htm |archive-date=2000-05-19 }}</ref> La reducción del coeficiente de resistencia está relacionada con la optimización de la forma exterior de la carrocería del vehículo, para lo que se tiene en cuente la velocidad del aire circundante y el uso característico que se vaya a dar al vehículo.

== Supresión de elementos accesorios ==
La eliminación de determinadas piezas accesorias en un automóvil es una manera fácil para que los diseñadores y propietarios de vehículos reduzcan el [[resistencia parásita]] y la resistencia frontal del vehículo con poco costo y esfuerzo. Puede ser tan simple como quitar alguna pieza que se hubiera añadido después de adquirir el vehículo, o tener que modificar o retirar una pieza del [[Fabricante de equipo original|equipamiento original]], es decir, cualquier parte procedente de fábrica. La mayoría de los coches deportivos de producidos en serie y los vehículos de alta eficiencia prescinden de fábrica de este tipo de elementos ''superfluos'' para ser competitivos en el mercado o en la competición, mientras que otros optan por mantener estos accesorios (a pesar de que aumentan la resistencia al aire del vehículo) por motivos estéticos o para adaptarse a los gustos de su base de clientes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hotrod.com/techarticles/body/hdrp_0609_aero_tricks_tips/viewall.html |title=Aerodynamic Tips and Tricks You Can Use for Better Performance |first=Marlan |last=Davis |work=[[Hot Rod Magazine]]|location=US |date=February 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422165215/http://www.hotrod.com/techarticles/body/hdrp_0609_aero_tricks_tips/viewall.html |archive-date=2012-04-22 }}</ref>

=== Portaequipajes ===
Un [[portaequipajes]] es un rasgo común en muchos vehículos [[Vehículo utilitario deportivo|utilitarios deportivos]] y [[familiar (automóvil)|familiares]]. Si bien los portaequipajes en el techo son muy útiles para disponer de capacidad adicional para transportar equipaje, también incrementan el área frontal del vehículo y aumentan el coeficiente de resistencia. Esto se debe a que el aire fluye por la parte superior del vehículo, siguiendo las suaves líneas del capó y del parabrisas, y al encontrarse con la baca se provocan turbulencias. La eliminación de este elemento ha demostrado su efecto positivo en la eficiencia del consumo de combustible en varios estudios.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metrompg.com/posts/roof-racks.htm |title=Mini-experiment: the wrath of roof racks |work=MetroMPG |location=US |date=2007-03-07 |access-date=2018-11-13}}</ref>

=== Faldillas antibarro ===
Las [[faldilla antibarro|faldillas antibarro]] rara vez aparecen como un elemento estándar en los automóviles modernos, ya que interfieren con el flujo de aire limpio alrededor del vehículo. Para vehículos más grandes, como camiones, siguen siendo importantes para el control de la pulverización en caso de pavimento mojado, y en 2001 se introdujo una nueva versión de las faldillas que se ha demostrado que crea una resistencia aerodinámica significativamente menor que los modelos habituales.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://old.landlinemag.com/Magazine/2001/Oct/Features/pauls-picks.aspx |title=Land Line Mag.com Pauls Picks |first=Paul |last=Abelson |magazine=Land Line Mag |location=US |date=2001-11-01 |access-date=2020-10-15 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a9302/these-mud-flaps-can-help-trucks-slash-fuel-costs-15839470/ |title=These Mud Flaps Can Help Trucks Slash Fuel Costs |first=Rachelle |last=Dragani |magazine=Popular Mechanics |location=US |date=2013-08-04 |access-date=2020-01-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title= IEF Ernest C. Manning Innovation Award |url=https://www.ief-fie.ca/project/mark-morin-innovation-award/}}</ref>

=== Deflector trasero ===
La mayoría de los deportivos suelen incluir de serie un deflector trasero, con la forma de un alerón más o menos elevado en la parte trasera del vehículo. Su principal propósito es contrarrestar la tendencia a elevarse del vehículo a altas velocidades, aumentando así su estabilidad. Para lograr la menor resistencia posible, el aire debe fluir alrededor de la carrocería aerodinámica del vehículo sin entrar en contacto con áreas de posible turbulencia. Un diseño de alerón trasero que se separa de la tapa posterior aumentará la carga aerodinámica reduciendo la tendencia del coche a elevarse a altas velocidades, pero a costa de penalizar el coeficiente de resistencia. Los deflectores planos, posiblemente inclinados ligeramente hacia abajo, pueden reducir la turbulencia y, por lo tanto, reducir el coeficiente de resistencia.<ref>{{Google books |id=BMVR37-8Jh0C |page=448 |title=Physics for Scientists and Engineers }}</ref> Algunos automóviles cuentan con alerones traseros ajustables automáticamente, por lo que a menor velocidad el efecto sobre la resistencia se reduce cuando no es necesario disponer de los beneficios de una elevación reducida.

=== Retrovisores laterales ===
Los [[Espejo retrovisor lateral|espejos retrovisores laterales]] aumentan el área frontal del vehículo e incrementan el coeficiente de resistencia, ya que sobresalen del costado del vehículo.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://metrompg.com/posts/mirrors.htm |title=Reflections on side mirrors: testing drag vs. MPG |work=MetroMPG.com |date=2006-08-31 |access-date=2018-12-07}}</ref><ref>{{Google books |id=UzJqTX4LPOsC |page=490 |title=The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses, and Trains, Volume 1 }}</ref> Para disminuir el impacto que tienen sobre la resistencia del vehículo, pueden reemplazarse por espejos más pequeños o espejos con una forma diferente. Varios [[prototipo de automóvil|prototipos]] de la década de 2010 han reemplazando los espejos por cámaras de vídeo,<ref>{{cite web|title=First drive review: Porsche Panamera Sport Turismo|url=http://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/porsche/panamera/first-drives/first-drive-review-porsche-panamera-sport-turismo|website=Autocar|access-date=2013-03-01 |date=2012-12-07}}</ref> pero de momento su uso no se ha generalizado porque la legislación de la mayoría de los países requieren el uso de espejos laterales.

=== Antena de radio ===
Si bien no tienen un impacto significativo en el coeficiente de resistencia debido a su pequeña sección, las [[antena]]s que se encuentran en la parte delantera del vehículo pueden reubicarse o ser sustituidas por modelos de techo más compactos, con el fin de librar al coche de esta resistencia adicional. La alternativa más común a las antenas de automóvil convencionales son las ''antenas de aleta de tiburón'', que se encuentra en la mayoría de los vehículos de alta eficiencia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.virtualv8.com/freport.htm |title=Estimation of The Drag of a Roof Mounted Antenna (AU Ford Falcon) |website=Virtual V8 |location=Australia |date=September 2005 |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> También existen antenas instalables en el interior del vehículo (normalmante, con forma de una fina rejilla de metal aplicada sobre una luna fija), que permiten sustituir la antena exterior.<ref>[https://patents.google.com/patent/US6239758B1/en Vehicle window antenna system (US Patent 6239758B1)]</ref>

=== Limpiaparabrisas ===
El efecto que tienen los [[limpiaparabrisas]] en el flujo de aire de un vehículo varía entre los distintos modelos; sin embargo, a menudo se prescinde de ellos en algunos tipos de coches de carreras y en los prototipos de alta eficiencia para mantener el menor coeficiente de resistencia posible. Una opción mucho más común es reemplazar los limpiaparabrisas convencionales por otros de perfil más bajo, quitar el limpiaparabrisas del lado del pasajero, disponer delectores para evitar que el aire incida sobre las escobillas, o bien diseñar la carrocería del automóvil para que queden totalmente escondidos por debajo del capó.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-air-deflector.htm |title=What is an Air Deflector? |website=wiseGEEK |location=US |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>

Otra alternativa es equipar el vehículo con un solo limpiaparabrisas colocado en el centro, lo que le permite cubrir ambos lados del parabrisas a la vez. Esta solución reduce la resistencia al aire, al disminuir el área frontal de la hoja. Si bien dicha solución puede ser útil para las carreras, en la mayoría de los vehículos de carretera se obtendría una mejora mínima en la reducción general de la resistencia.

== Fabricación ==
La etapa de diseño de un vehículo permite optimizar de forma más eficiente su configuración aerodinámica, sin necesidad de acudir a accesorios de terceros fabricantes. La mayoría de los automóviles con [[coeficiente de resistencia]] muy bajo, como los coches de carreras y los prototipos de alta eficiencia, aplican estas ideas a sus diseños.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/ChEHeXOTnf3dHH5qjYRXMA/10_Browand_10_11_trans.pdf |title=Reducing Aerodynamic Drag and Fuel Consumption |first=Fred |last=Browand |publisher=Stanford University |location=US |date=2005-10-10 |access-date=2019-03-03 |fechaarchivo=2 de febrero de 2019 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202093042/http://gcep.stanford.edu/pdfs/ChEHeXOTnf3dHH5qjYRXMA/10_Browand_10_11_trans.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref>

=== Tapacubos ===
[[File:Tesla Model 3 aero wheels.jpg|thumb|Llantas de aleación con tapacubos aerodinámicos en un [[Tesla Model 3]]]]

Cuando el aire fluye alrededor de los huecos de las ruedas, es perturbado por las llantas de los vehículos y forma un área de turbulencia alrededor de la rueda. Para que el aire fluya más suavemente, a menudo se usan [[tapacubos]] envolventes con formas suaves, utilizándose incluso diseños sin ningún agujero para evitar que el paso del aire forme turbulencias. Este diseño reduce la resistencia, pero  puede hacer que los frenos se calienten más rápidamente porque los tapacubos cerrados impiden que el flujo de aire disipe el calor generado en las frenadas. En consecuencia, esta modificación se ve más comúnmente en vehículos de alta eficiencia que en deportivos o coches de carreras.<ref name="wwwm.coventry.ac.uk">{{cite web |url=http://wwwm.coventry.ac.uk/researchnet/lowcarbonvehicles/Documents/Aerodynamic%20Challenge%20Event%20Documents/Session%204%20-%201%20-%20Hussain%20Ali%20-%20Drag%20Reduction%20on%20a%20Production%20Vehicle.pdf |title=Drag Reduction on a Production Vehicle |first=Hussain |last=Ali |publisher=Coventry University |location=UK }} (enlace roto: marzo de 2019)</ref>

=== Cortinas de aire ===
[[File:2017 Land Rover Discovery HSE TD6 Automatic 3.0 Front.jpg|thumb|Land Rover Discovery de 2017, con cortinas de aire frontales]]

Las cortinas desvían el flujo de aire a través de una serie de ranuras practicadas en la carrocería y lo guían hacia el interior de los pasos de rueda.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bridger |first1=Gabriel |title=The 1M's Air Curtain in Detail |url=http://www.bimmerfile.com/2010/12/13/the-1ms-air-curtain-in-detail/ |work=BimmerFile |date=2010-12-13 |access-date=2018-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=How Air Curtains on F-150 Help Reduce Aerodynamic Drag and Aid Fuel Efficiency |url=https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2015/07/15/how-air-curtains-on-f-150-help-reduce-aerodynamic-drag.html |date=2015-07-15 |access-date=2018-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |title=Designing for design's sake—with aerodynamics built in |url=http://world.honda.com/environment/face/2016/case58/episode/episode03.html |publisher=Honda |access-date=2018-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220013235/http://world.honda.com/environment/face/2016/case58/episode/episode03.html |archive-date=2018-02-20}}</ref>

=== Bloqueo parcial de la rejilla del radiador ===
La [[calandra]] es la rejilla frontal que permite dirigir el aire a través del radiador. En un diseño aerodinámico, el aire debe fluir alrededor del vehículo en lugar de a través de él, pero la calandra redirige el flujo de aire perimetral a través del vehículo, lo que aumenta su resistencia aerodinámica. Para reducir este efecto, a menudo se utiliza un sistema de bloqueo parcial de la rejilla, que consiste en una serie de lamas orientables que permiten cubrir total o parcialmente los huecos de la parrilla delantera de un vehículo. En la mayoría de los modelos de alta eficiencia o en vehículos con bajo [[coeficiente de resistencia]], se suele incorporar una rejilla muy pequeña, eliminando la necesidad de bloquearla. Pero en la mayoría de los vehículos de serie generalmente está diseñada para maximizar el flujo de aire a través del radiador, desde donde fluye al compartimiento del motor. Este diseño en realidad puede crear un flujo de aire excesivo, evitando que el motor alcance una temperatura de funcionamiento adecuada. En tales casos, se utiliza el bloqueo de la rejilla para aumentar el rendimiento del motor y reducir la resistencia al viento del vehículo simultáneamente.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Korff |first1=Walter Henry |title=Designing tomorrow's cars: from concept, step-by-step, to detail design |date=1980 |publisher=M-C Publications |isbn=9780960385003 |language=en}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=November 2018}}

=== Bandeja inferior ===
La parte inferior de un vehículo a menudo atrapa aire en varios lugares y genera turbulencias. En la mayoría de los coches de carreras, este problema se evita cubriendo toda la parte inferior del vehículo en lo que se llama una ''bandeja'' inferior, que al evitar que el aire quede atrapado debajo del vehículo, reduce la resistencia al avance.<ref name="wwwm.coventry.ac.uk"/>

=== Guardabarros carenados ===
[[File:HondaInsight.jpg|mini|[[Honda Insight]] de primera generación]]

Los [[guardabarros carenado]]s a menudo se fabrican como extensiones de los paneles de la carrocería, y cubren todo el espacio exterior de las ruedas. Al igual que los tapacubos lisos, esta modificación reduce la resistencia del vehículo al evitar que el aire quede atrapado en el paso de rueda, y contribuye a optimizar la eficiencia aerodinámica carrocería. Son más habituales en las ruedas traseras, donde los neumáticos no giran y el diseño es mucho más simple (como por ejemplo, en el [[Honda Insight]] de primera generación). En el caso de las ruedas delanteras, tienen el mismo efecto que los faldones de las ruedas traseras, pero deben estar más desplazados de la carrocería para compensar que el neumático sobresalga de la carrocería cuando se circula en curva.<ref name="wwwm.coventry.ac.uk"/>

=== Parachoques delantero ===
El parachoques delantero es la primera parte del vehículo por la que debe circular el aire. Por lo tanto, juega un papel crucial en la reducción de la resistencia. A menudo, se dispone como una barrera para limitar el paso del aire por debajo del vehículo, que se extiende desde la parte inferior de la calandra hacia abajo, en todo el ancho del vehículo.  Es habitual que las incisiones de las cortinas de aire queden integradas en la forma del parachoques delantero.

=== Cola de barco y perfil Kamm ===

Un diseño en ''cola de barco'' puede reducir considerablemente la resistencia total a la resistencia de un vehículo. Consiste en la adopción de un perfil similar a la forma de una lágrima, lo que permite reducir la aparición de la [[separación de flujo]], un fenómeno que incrementa considerablemente la resistencia al avance del vehículo.<ref>{{Google books |id=ldgDAAAAMBAJ |page=158 |title=Popular Mechanics Sep 1981 }}</ref> Un [[kammback|perfil Kamm]] es básicamente un diseño en cola de barco truncado. Permite disponer de una parte trasera del vehículo con cierta anchura, introduciendo un plano con un ligero ángulo hacia el parachoques trasero. Aunque no es tan eficaz como un diseño de cola de barco (acabado en punta), por razones prácticas y de estilo, el perfil Kamm se ha hecho bastante frecuente en turismos, vehículos de alta eficiencia e incluso en camiones.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9821 |title=Turbulent Boundary Layer Separation and Control |first=Ola |last=Lögdberg |publisher=KTH Royal Institute of Technology |location=Stockholm |year=2008 |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref>

== Coeficientes de resistencia típicos ==

El automóvil moderno promedio alcanza un coeficiente de resistencia de entre 0,25 y 0,3. Los [[Vehículo utilitario deportivo|utilitarios deportivos]], con sus formas típicamente más cuadradas, suelen tener un C<sub>x</sub> de entre 0,35 y 0,45. El coeficiente de resistencia de un vehículo depende fundamentalmente de la forma de su carrocería, pero también se ve afectado por otras circunstancias que se mencionan en muchos de estos ejemplos. Algunos autos deportivos tienen un coeficiente de resistencia sorprendentemente alto (como el [[Ariel Atom]], con un valor de 0,40), pero esto es debido a la necesidad de compensar el elevado efecto de sustentación que generan determinados vehículos.

A continuación se muestran algunos ejemplos de '''C<sub>x</sub>'''. Las cifras proporcionadas son generalmente para el modelo básico de cada tipo de automóvil, que puede no estar disponible en algunos mercados. Algunos modelos de ''alto rendimiento'' pueden tener mayor resistencia debido a utilizar [[neumático]]s más anchos, o al uso de [[deflector (automoción)|deflectores]] adicionales y sistemas de enfriamiento más grandes, ya que muchos modelos básicos (generalmente, de menor potencia) tienen radiadores de menor tamaño, lo que implica un menor flujo de aire de refrigeración a través del motor, y por lo tanto, un menor coeficiente de resistencia.

El C<sub>x</sub> de un vehículo determinado variará según el túnel de viento en el que se mida. Se han documentado variaciones de hasta un 5%<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=duMDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA131 |title=Shaping up tomorrow's cars |first=Wade |last=Hoyt |journal=Popular Mechanics |date=October 1985 |page=131}}</ref> y las variaciones en la técnica de prueba y el análisis también pueden significar ciertas diferencias. Entonces, si el mismo vehículo con un coeficiente de resistencia de 0,30 se midió en un túnel diferente, se estima que podría variar desde C<sub>x</sub>=0,285 hasta C<sub>x</sub>=0,315.

<!-- Please maintain alphabetic order within each Cd range (alphabetize all 0.30's for instance) -->
<!-- Cd range for Column 1 >= 0.3, 0.3 > Column 2 => 0.29, 0.29 > Column 3 -->
<!-- Please provide reliable sources for any additions to this list -->
{|
|-valign=top 
|
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col3cen" style="font-size:97%;"
|+Automóviles de serie
!width=80px|C<sub>x</sub> !!width=250px|Automóvil !!width=120px| Año
|-
| 0.7 a 1.1 ||  [[Fórmula 1]] <small>(ajustable según circuito)</small> ||
|-
| 0.74 || Clase ''[[Legends car]]'' ||
|-
| 0.7 || [[Caterham Seven]] ||
|-
| 0.65 to 0.75 || [[Lotus Seven]] || 1957–1972
|-
| 0.6 + || [[Camión]] tipo||
|-
| 0.59<ref>{{cite magazine |last=König  |first=Wolfgang  |date=2008-04-22 |title=Die Tops und Flops im Windkanal |url=https://www.autobild.de/artikel/autos-im-windkanal-666465.html |magazine=Auto Bild |publisher=Axel Springer |access-date=2019-09-10|language=de }}</ref>  || [[Land Rover Defender]] || 2008
|-
| 0.57 || [[Hummer H2]] || 2003
|-
| 0.54 || [[Mercedes-Benz Clase G]] ||
|-
| 0.51 || [[ Volkswagen Westfalia Camper]] || 1980-1991
|-
| 0.51 || [[Citroën 2 CV]] || 1948
|-
| 0.48 || Rover [[Mini (automóvil)]] || 1998
|-
| 0.48 || [[Volkswagen Tipo 1]] <small>(diseño original)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.maggiolinoweb.it/technique.html |title=Technique of the VW Beetle |publisher=Maggiolinoweb.it |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayfco.com/dragcd~1.htm |title=The Mayfield Homepage - Coefficient of Drag for Selected Vehicles |publisher=Mayfco.com |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref> || 1938
|-
| 0.48 || [[Volkswagen Golf|Volkswagen Cabriolet (Rabbit)]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cabby-info.com/specs.htm |title=Volkswagen Cabriolet MK1 Specs |publisher=Cabby-Info.com |access-date=2010-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205020949/http://www.cabby-info.com/specs.htm |archive-date=2010-02-05 }}</ref> || 1979–1993
|-
| 0.47 || [[Lancia Aprilia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=64988 |title=Lancia Aprilia Tipo 97 technical specifications |publisher=carfolio.com |access-date=2012-03-13}}</ref> || 1937
|-
| 0.46 || [[Ford Mustang]] (cupé) || 1979
|-
| 0.46 || [[Lincoln Town Car]] (sedán) || 1985-1989<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/lincoln/town_car_1gen/town_car_1gen_4-door/1989.html |title=Lincoln Town Car technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.454<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sae.org/news/2017/12/level-zero-hero |title=Level Zero hero|last=Visnic|first=Bill |publisher=SAE International|date=2017-12-18|access-date=2019-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529164225/https://www.sae.org/news/2017/12/level-zero-hero|archive-date=2019-05-29}}</ref> || [[ Jeep Wrangler (JL)]] || 2018
|-
| 0.45 || [[Dodge Viper]] RT/10 || 1996
|-
| 0.45 || [[ Mercury Grand Marquis]] (sedán) || 1988-1991<ref name="nwitimes.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/grand-marquis-ls-brings-mercury-into-sleek-car-era/article_d2852a3c-44c0-5cff-81e0-f8648381e79a.html |title=Report on 2nd generation Grand Marquis updates |publisher=nwitimes.com |date=2018-02-16 |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.45 || [[ Range Rover Classic]] || 1990
|-
| 0.45 || [[ Volkswagen Gol G1]] || 1980
|-
| 0.44 || [[Volkswagen T3]] || 1980-1991
|-
| 0.44 || [[Ford Mustang]] (''fastback'') || 1979
|-
| 0.44 || [[Peugeot 305]] || 1978
|-
| 0.44 || [[Peugeot 504]] || 1968
|-
| 0.44 || [[Toyota Hilux]] || 1990
|-
| 0.43 || [[ TVR 3000S]] || 1978-79
|-
| 0.425 || [[Duple 425]] (autobús)<ref>(Citado por su bajo C<sub>x</sub> en la normativa de autobuses)</ref> || 1985
|-
| 0.42 || [[Lamborghini Countach]] || 1974
|-
| 0.42 || [[Plymouth Duster]] || 1994
|-
| 0.42 || [[Triumph Spitfire]] Mk IV || 1971
|-
| 0.41 || [[Smart Roadster]] || 2003
|-
| 0.41 || [[ Volvo 740]] (Sedán) || 1982
|-
| 0.405 || [[Subaru Forester]] || 1997-2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1998/russ082597.html |title=1998 SUBARU FORESTER S |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.40 ||[[Chevrolet Astro]]|| 1995-2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9542.html |title=Chevrolet Astro Van (1996) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.40|| [[Mercury Cougar]] || 1983-1986
|-
| 0.40 || [[Ariel Atom]] || 2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getcarspecs.com/ariel/2002-ariel-atom |title=2002 Ariel Atom Specifications |publisher=getcarspecs.com |access-date=2012-10-12}}</ref>
|-
| 0.40 || [[Ford Escape]] || 2005
|-
| 0.40 || [[ Nissan Skyline GT-R]] R32 || 1989
|-
| 0.40 || [[Jaguar XJS]] || 1976-1996
|-
|0.40
|Ford Ranger
|2011-2015<ref>{{Cite web|title=F1 aero tech for new Ranger|url=https://www.carsales.com.au/editorial/details/f1-aero-tech-for-new-ranger-24086/|access-date=2020-09-01|website=www.carsales.com.au}}</ref>
|-
| 0.39 || [[Chevrolet Tahoe]] || 2006
|-
| 0.39 || [[ MG ZR]] || 2001
|-
| 0.39 || [[Dodge Durango]] || 2004
|-
| 0.39 || [[ Ford Aerostar#Second generation (1992–1997)|Ford Aerostar]] || 1995<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motortrend.com/cars/1995/ford/aerostar/specifications/index.html |title= 1995 Ford Aerostar Specs |publisher=motortrend.com |access-date=2010-08-18}}</ref>
|-
| 0.39 || [[Ford Escort]] 5 Door || 1981-1984<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=26873 |title=1981 Ford Escort |publisher=carfolio.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.39 || [[ Honda Odyssey (North America)|Honda Odyssey]] || 1994-98
|-
| 0.39<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2016+toyota+tacoma+product+specs.download |title=2016 Tacoma Product Information |publisher=Toyota |location=US |year=2015 |access-date=2019-05-19}}</ref> || Toyota Tacoma (N300) || 2016
|-
| 0.39 || [[Triumph Spitfire]] || 1964
|-
| 0.385 || [[Nissan 280 ZX]] || 1978
|-
| 0.38 || [[Fiat Ritmo]] || 1978
|-
| 0.38 || [[ Ford Territory (Australia)|Ford Territory]] || 2011
|-
| 0.38 || [[Lexus GX]] || 2003
|-
| 0.38 || [[ Lincoln Mark VII]] || 1984-1992<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/model/lincoln/generation_vii.html |title=Lincoln Mark VII technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.38 || [[Mazda MX-5]] || 1989
|-
| 0.38 || [[Fiat 500 (1957)]] || 1957
|-
| 0.38 || [[Smart Roadster]] Cupé || 2003
|-
| 0.38 || [[Subaru Forester]] || 2009-2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carsdirect.com/research/specs?cat=all&make=SU&modelid=223&acode=USC00SUS041A0&year=null |title=Subaru Forester specs available |publisher=CarsDirect |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>
|-
| 0.38 || [[Volkswagen New Beetle|VW New Beetle]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.evworld.com/article.cfm?archive=1&storyid=911&first=2412&end=2411 |title=Evworld Feature: Giving The New Beetle Wings:Vw &#124; Rogers &#124; Beetle &#124; Wing &#124; Drag &#124; Porsche &#124; Volkswagen &#124; Thiokol &#124; Utah &#124; Fuel &#124; Economy &#124; Biodiesel &#124; Diesel &#124; Aerodynamics |publisher=Evworld.com |access-date=2010-12-07}}</ref> <small>(sin alerón: 0.39)</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://autospeed.com/cms/A_108675/article.html |title=Aero Testing - Part 3 |publisher=AutoSpeed |access-date=2009-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121043908/http://autospeed.com/cms/A_108675/article.html |archive-date=2009-11-21 }}</ref> || 2003
|-
| 0.374 || [[Ford Capri]] Mk III || 1978
|-
| 0.372 || [[Ferrari F50]] || 1996
|-
| 0.37 || [[Ford Escort|Ford Escort Mk.III (Europe)]] || 1980
|-
| 0.37 || [[BMW Z3|BMW Z3 M Cupé]] || 1999
|-
| 0.37 || [[Jaguar XJ]] (X300/X308) ||
|-
| 0.37 || [[ Mercury Grand Marquis]] || 1998-2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/model/mercury/grand_marquis_3gen.html |title=Mercury Grand Marquis technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.37 || [[ Mercury Grand Marquis]] || 2003-2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/model/mercury/grand_marquis_4gen.html |title=Mercury Grand Marquis technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.37 || [[Renault Twingo]] I ||
|-
| 0.37 || [[Volkswagen Tiguan]] || 2008
|-
| 0.36 || [[Alfa Romeo 33]] || 1983
|-
| 0.36 || [[Cadillac Escalade|Cadillac Escalade hybrid]] || 2008
|-
| 0.36 || [[Cadillac Fleetwood]] || 1996
|-
| 0.36 || [[Citroën CX]] <small>(denominado así por el C<sub>x</sub>)</small> || 1974
|-
| 0.36 || [[Citroën DS]] || 1955
|-
| 0.36 || [[Chrysler Sebring]] || 1996
|-
| 0.36 || [[Ferrari Testarossa]] || 1986
|-
| 0.36 || [[Ford Escort (América del Norte)|Ford Escort]] || 1997-2002<ref name="ecomodder.com">{{cite web|url=http://ecomodder.com/wiki/index.php/Vehicle_Coefficient_of_Drag_List |title=Ecomodder Wiki Vehicle Coefficient of Drag |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100425140350/http://ecomodder.com/wiki/index.php/Vehicle_Coefficient_of_Drag_List| archive-date=2010-04-25<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.36 || [[ Ford Focus (first generation)|Ford Focus 3-door]] || 2000-2004
|-
| 0.36 || [[ Ford Mustang (fourth generation)|Ford Mustang]] || 1999
|-
| 0.36 || [[Honda Civic]] || 2001–2005
|-
| 0.36|| [[Lincoln Town Car]] || 1990-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/make/lincoln/town_car_2gen/town_car_2gen_4-door/1990.html |title=Lincoln Town Car technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref> 
|-
| 0.36|| [[Mercury Cougar]] || 1987-1988
|-
| 0.36|| [[ Mercury Grand Marquis]] || 1992-1997<ref name="nwitimes.com"/> 
|-
| 0.36|| [[ Mitsubishi Magna|Mitsubishi Magna, V3000]] Sedán || 1985-1991
|-
|0.36
|Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution IX
|2006
|-
| 0.36 || [[Subaru Impreza]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://subaru.ca/SubaruData.aspx?WebPageID=13725&WebSiteID=282&CompareType=S&CarIds=430&Category=AllSpecCategory |title=Subaru Canada |publisher=Subaru.ca |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>|| 2010
|-
| 0.36 || [[Saturn S-Series]] || 1996-2001<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.36 || [[ Tatra 87]] <small>(Cx:0.244 modelo a escala 1:5)</small>|| 1936-1950<ref>Ralf J. F. Kieselbach, ''Stromlinienautos in Europa und USA'', [[ Kohlhammer Verlag]], Stuttgart 1982, page 19</ref>
|-
| 0.36 || [[Toyota Celica]] Convertible || 1994-1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9525.html |title=Toyota Celica GT (1995) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100412155951/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9525.html| archive-date=2010-04-12<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.36 || [[Volkswagen Jetta]] || 1985-1992<ref name="Smith">{{Cite news|last=Smith|first=David C.|title=Golf, Jetta much improved and, with them, VWA's hopes|newspaper=Ward's Auto World|date=December 1984}}</ref>
|-
| 0.357 || [[ Ram Pickup (fifth generation)| Ram 1500 Quad Cab 4x2]] || 2018<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://media.fcanorthamerica.com/newsrelease.do?id=18753&mid=745 |title= All-new 2019 Ram 1500 – No Compromise Truck, Leading in Durability, Technology and Efficiency |publisher=FCA North America |date=2018-01-15 |access-date=2019-09-22}}</ref>
|-
| 0.355 || [[NSU Ro 80]] || 1967
|-
|-
| 0.355 || [[Ford Focus]] || 2016
|-
| 0.35 || [[Maserati Quattroporte]] V || 2003
|-
| 0.35 || [[Moskvitch 2141 Aleko|Aleko 2141]] || 1986-2002
|-
| 0.35 || [[Aston Martin Vanquish]] || 2004
|-
| 0.35 || [[BMW M3|BMW M3 Convertible]] || 2005
|-
| 0.35 || [[ BMW M Coupe#E86 M Coupe|BMW Z4 M Cupé]] || 2006
|-
| 0.35 || [[DeltaWing]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deltawingracing.com/the-car/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120721045938/http://www.deltawingracing.com/the-car |archive-date=2012-07-21 }} Data as published on the Team website after 2012 Le Mans Race after the addition of rear view mirrors</ref> <small>(carreras de resistencia)</small> || 2012
|-
| 0.35 || [[Dodge Viper]] || 1996
|-
| 0.35 || [[Ford Thunderbird]] || 1983-1988
|-
| 0.35 || [[Ford Windstar]] || 1995-1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/model/ford_usa/windstar_1gen.html |title=Ford Windstar 1st gen technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.35 || [[Ford Windstar]] || 1999-2003<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.automobile-catalog.com/model/ford_usa/windstar_2gen.html |title=Ford Windstar 2nd gen technical data |publisher=automobile-catalog.com |access-date=2018-09-14}}</ref>
|-
| 0.35 || [[Honda CR-X del Sol]] || 1992–1997<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.35 || [[Jaguar XK]] || 2005
|-
| 0.35 || [[Lexus GX]] || 2010
|-
| 0.35 || [[Lexus RX]] || 2003–2009
|-
| 0.35 || [[Mini (automóvil)]] || 2008
|-
| 0.35 || [[ Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X]] || 2008
|-
| 0.35 || [[Nissan Cube]] || 2009
|-
| 0.35 || [[Renault Clio]] (Mk 2) || 2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=112816 |title=2002 Renault Clio II 1.5 dCi 80 technical specifications and data - 3 door 1.5 litre (1461 cc) S4 79.1 PS - Carfolio.com car specifications pages |publisher=Carfolio.com |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>
|-
| 0.35 || [[SSC Ultimate Aero]] || 2007–2013
|-
| 0.35 || [[Tesla Roadster]]<ref name="Ramsey2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.autobloggreen.com/2009/03/26/tesla-model-s-50-000-ev-sedan-seats-seven-300-mile-range-0-6/|title=Tesla Model S: Kč970.000 (Kč970.000 (Kč970.000 ($50,000))) EV sedan seats seven, 300-mile range, 0-60 in 5.5s|last=Ramsey|first=Jonathon|date=2009-03-26|publisher=autobloggreen|access-date=2009-04-12| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090327185141/http://www.autobloggreen.com/2009/03/26/tesla-model-s-50-000-ev-sedan-seats-seven-300-mile-range-0-6/| archive-date=2009-03-27<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref> || 2008
|-
| 0.35 || [[Mitsubishi i-MiEV]] || 2011
|-
| 0.35 || [[Smart Fortwo]]<ref name="drag">{{cite news
  | title = Leichtbau ist nicht das Wichtigste
  | quote =Da der Smart aufgrund seiner großen Frontfläche von 2,06 m2 einen hohen cW-Wert von 0,35 hat, verbraucht er im Vergleich zum niedrigen Gewicht vergleichsweise viel.
  | publisher = Auto, Motor und Sport
  | language = de
  | url = http://www.auto-motor-und-sport.de/eco/spritsparpotential-leichtbau-ist-nicht-das-wichtigste-1478244.html}}</ref>||2008-
|-
| 0.35 || [[Toyota MR2]] || 1998
|-
| 0.35 || [[ Toyota Previa]] || 1991-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9441.html |title=Toyota Previa LE S/C 1995 |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100506141014/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9441.html| archive-date=2010-05-06<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=36201 |title=1990 Toyota Previa |publisher=carfolio.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.35 || [[ Toyota Sequoia]] || 2007
|-
| 0.35 || [[Volvo Serie 900]] (sedán) || 1990
|-
| 0.348 || [[Toyota Supra|Toyota Celica Supra]] (Mk 2) || 1982<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mediafire.com/view/?d347bv0khv2d06v |title=1982 Toyota Celica Supra |publisher=Toyota |location=US |year=1981 |access-date=2018-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121171900/http://www.mediafire.com/view/?d347bv0khv2d06v |archive-date=2016-01-21  }}</ref>
|-
| 0.342 || [[Toyota Celica]] (5 puertas) || 1982
|-
| 0.34 || [[Alfa Romeo Giulia (1962)]] Sedán || 1968-1972
|-
| 0.34 || [[Aston Martin DB9]] || 2004
|-
| 0.34 || [[Chevrolet Caprice]] || 1994
|-
| 0.34 || [[ Chevrolet Corvette C6|Chevrolet C6 Corvette Z06]] || 2006–2013
|-
| 0.34 || [[Chevrolet Tahoe|Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid]] || 2008
|-
| 0.34 || [[Ferrari 360]] || 1999
|-
| 0.34 || [[Ferrari F40]] || 1987
|-
| 0.34 || [[Ferrari F430|Ferrari F430 F1]] || 2004
|-
| 0.34 || [[Fiat Uno]] || 1984-1989
|-
| 0.34 || [[Ford Puma]] || 1997
|-
| 0.34 || [[Ford Sierra]] || 1982
|-
| 0.34 || [[ Geo Metro]] (Hatchback) || 1995-1997<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.34 || [[ Volkswagen Gol G2]] || 1994
|-
| 0.34 || [[Honda Prelude]] || 1988
|-
| 0.34 || [[Mercedes-Benz Clase SL]] <small>(sin capota)</small> || 2001
|-
|0.34
|Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X
|2014
|-
| 0.34 || [[ Nissan Altima]] || 1993-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9451.html |title=Nissan Altima GXE (1995) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100524152125/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9451.html| archive-date=2010-05-24<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || [[ Nissan Skyline GT-R|Nissan Skyline R34 GT-R]] || 1999-2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.importtuner.com/features/impp_0910_2002_nissan_skyline_r34/viewall.html |title=2002 Nissan Skyline R34 - R34 vs R35|publisher=importtuner.com |date=2009-10-01 |access-date=2014-10-01}}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || [[Peugeot 106]] || 1991
|-
| 0.34 || [[Saab 9-3|Saab 900 NG]] || 2003<ref name=saabhistory>{{cite web |url=http://www.saabhistory.com/2007/04/01/the-aerodynamics-of-the-saab-automobiles/ |title=The Aerodynamics of the Saab Automobiles |website=Saab History |date=2007-04-01 |access-date=2016-08-05 }}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || [[Saab 9000]] || 1984-1998<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.34 || [[Saturn S-Series]] || 1991-1995<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9520.html |title=Saturn SL2 (1995) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100328141325/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9520.html| archive-date=2010-03-28<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || [[Subaru Impreza]] (4 Door) || 2009<ref>{{cite web|url=http://subaru.ca/SubaruData.aspx?WebPageID=13725&WebSiteID=282&CompareType=S&CarIds=422&Category=AllSpecCategory |title=Subaru Canada |publisher=Subaru.ca |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || [[Subaru Legacy]] Wagon || 1993-1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9449.html |title=1995 SUBARU LEGACY L WAGON |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || Toyota Corolla (Wagon) || 1993-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/Toydxwag.htm |title=1996 Toyota Corolla DX Wagon |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19961128195229/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/Toydxwag.htm |archive-date = 1996-11-28}}</ref>
|-
| 0.34 || [[Toyota Supra]] (con alerón) || 1989–1990
|-
| 0.339 || [[Citroën SM]] || 1970-1975<ref name=citroenetAero>{{cite journal |url=http://www.citroenet.org.uk/miscellaneous/aero/aero01.html |title=Aerodynamics |journal=Le Double Chevron |issue=#59 |year=1980}}</ref>
|-
| 0.338 || [[Chevrolet Camaro]] || 1995
|-
| 0.334 || [[SEAT León| Seat Leon FR]] || 2005-2011
|-
| 0.33 || [[Honda Integra]] || 1993-2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9349.html |title=Acura Integra GS-R (1994) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Acura RSX]] || 2002-2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vehicles.automobilemag.com/am/99/2004/acura/rsx/base_coupe/313/specifications.html |title=2004 Acura RSX Coupe Specs |publisher=automobilemag.com |access-date=2014-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006081502/http://vehicles.automobilemag.com/am/99/2004/acura/rsx/base_coupe/313/specifications.html |archive-date=2014-10-06  }}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Alfa Romeo Giulia (1962)|Alfa Romeo Giulia (saloon)]] || 1962<ref name="Alfa Romeo Giulia 1600">{{cite web|url=http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z9388/Alfa-Romeo-Giulia-Series-105.aspx|title=1964 Giulia 1600 Series 105|access-date=2011-06-28|website=conceptcarz.com}}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Audi A3]] || 2006
|-
| 0.33 || [[BMW M3|BMW E30 M3]] || 1986–1992
|-
| 0.33 || [[Chevrolet Caprice]] (Sedán) || 1991-1996
|-
| 0.33 || [[Dodge Charger (LX)|Dodge Charger]] || 2006
|-
| 0.33 || [[Ford Crown Victoria]] || 1992
|-
| 0.33 || [[Ford Escort (América del Norte)]] || 1998-2003<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1998/russ102497.html |title=Ford Escort ZX2 (1998) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100604024642/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1998/russ102497.html| archive-date=2010-06-04<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Ford Fusion (América)|Ford Fusion]] || 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carsdirect.com/research/specs?cat=6&make=FO&modelid=583&acode=USC00FOC201A0&year=2010 |title=Ford Fusion specs available |publisher=CarsDirect |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[ Holden Commodore (VT)]] Sedán || 1997
|-
| 0.33 || [[Honda Accord]] Sedán || 2002
|-
| 0.33 || [[Honda Civic]] Hatchback || 1988-1991<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.33 to 0.37 || [[Koenigsegg Agera]] || 2013
|-
| 0.33 || [[Lamborghini Murciélago]] || 2001
|-
| 0.33 || [[Lexus RX]] || 2010
|-
| 0.33 || [[Mazda RX-7]] FC3C || 1987
|-
| 0.33 || [[ Nissan 200SX]] Cupé || 1995-1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9523.html |title=1995 NISSAN 200SX SE-R TWO-DOOR COUPE |publisher=motortrend.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Peugeot 206]] || 1998
|-
| 0.33 || [[Dodge Durango]] <small>(sin techo, HEAT: 0.325)</small> || 2011–presente
|-
| 0.33 || [[Peugeot 309]] || 1986
|-
| 0.33 || [[Renault Modus]] || 2004
|-
| 0.33 || [[Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 SC]] || 2003<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Saturn S-Series]] || 1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1999/solo9936.html |title=Saturn SL2 (1999) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Subaru Impreza]] || 2004
|-
| 0.33 || [[Subaru Forester]] || 2014-2018
|-
|0.33<ref name="motortrend-camry">{{Cite web|url=https://www.motortrend.com/cars/toyota/camry/1997/1997-toyota-camry-2-2/|title=1997 Toyota Camry Road Test|last=Paul|first=Rik|date=1996-10-02|website=Motor Trend|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-04}}</ref>
|[[ Toyota Camry (XV10)|Toyota Camry]] (sedán)
|1991
|-
| 0.33 || [[ Toyota Corolla (E100)]] || 1993-1997<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.33 || [[Toyota Supra]] (sin alerón) || 1989–1990
|-
| 0.329 || [[ Chevrolet Corsica]] || 1989-2006<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1VRyViEJ3lg |title=1990 Chevrolet Corsica Sales training Video |publisher=youtube.com |access-date=2011-01-15}}</ref>
|-
| 0.325 || [[Opel Astra]] J ||2009
|-
| 0.324 || [[Chevrolet Cobalt|Cobalt SS Supercharged]] || 2005
|-
| 0.321 || [[Toyota Matrix]] || 2003-2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2002/05/08/140092.html |title=Review:2003 Toyota Matrix |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Mitsubishi RVR]] || 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autocar.co.uk/car-review/mitsubishi/asx/design#:~:text=A%20rear%20spoiler%20helps%20the,narrower%20than%20a%20Ford%20Focus. |title=Review:2010 Mitsubishi ASX |publisher=autocar.co.uk |access-date=2021-01-16}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Buick Riviera]] || 1995
|-
| 0.32 || [[BMW M3|BMW M3 Cupé]] || 2005
|-
| 0.32 || [[Dodge Avenger]] || 1995
|-
| 0.32 || [[Ferrari California]] || 2008
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Chrysler 300C]] || 2011-2014
|-
| 0.32 || [[Fiat Croma]] || 1985-1996
|-
| 0.32 || [[Ford Taurus]] || 1992-1995<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9346.html |title=1994 FORD TAURUS GL |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2020-08-08}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Geo Metro]] (sedán) || 1995-1997<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.32 || [[SEAT León]] || 2005-2011
|-
| 0.32 || [[Honda Accord]] (cupé) || 2002
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Honda Ascot Innova]] (sedán) || 1992-1996
|-
| 0.32 || [[Honda Civic]] (cupé) || 1992-1995<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Honda Civic]] (Hatchback DX) || 1996-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9551.html |title=Honda Civic DX Hatchback (1996) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Honda Civic]] Sedán EX || 1996-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/honda.html |title=Honda Civic EX Sedan (1996) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Honda NSX]] || 1990
|-
| 0.32 || [[Hyundai Veloster]] || 2012
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Jaguar XJ (X350)]] || 2006
|-
| 0.32 || [[Koenigsegg CCX]] || 2006
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Mazdaspeed3]] || 2007
|-
| 0.32 || [[McLaren F1]] || 1992
|-
| 0.32 || [[Mercedes-Benz W201|Mercedes-Benz 190E]] 2.5-16/2.3-16 || 1983-1990
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Nissan 240SX]] Cupé || 1995-1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9434.html |title=1995 NISSAN 240SX SE SPORT COUPE |publisher=motortrend.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Nissan 300 ZX]] || 1989
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Nissan Altima]] || 1998-2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1998/russ090597.html |title=Nissan Altima GLE (1998) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100420065731/http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1998/russ090597.html| archive-date=2010-04-20<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Nissan Maxima]] || 1997
|-
| 0.32 || [[Oldsmobile Aurora]] || 1995-1999
|-
| 0.32 || [[Porsche 911 GT2]] || 2008–2013
|-
| 0.32 || [[Peugeot 406]] || 1995
|-
| 0.32 || [[Eurovan (Sevel)]] || 1994
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Saab Sonett#Sonett II|Saab Sonett II]] || 1966-1969<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Scion xB]] || 2008
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Suzuki Cultus|Suzuki Swift]] || 1991
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Tatra 600]] || 1948-1952<ref>Karel Rosenkranz, ''Tatra'', Autoalbum 2002, page 107</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Toyota Celica]] || 1994
|-
| 0.32 || [[Toyota Celica]] || 2000-2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/2000/russ0019.html |title=Toyota Celica GT-S (2000) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.32 || [[Toyota Supra]] <small>(excepto con alerón y turbo)</small> || 1993
|-
| 0.32 || [[Toyota Supra]] <small>(con alerón)</small> || 1987–1988
|}
||&nbsp;&nbsp;
||
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col3cen" style="font-size:97%;"
|+Automóviles de serie (continuación)
!width=80px|C<sub>x</sub> !!width=250px|Automóvil !!width=120px| Año
|-
| 0.32 || [[Toyota Tercel]] Sedán || 1995-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9517.html |title=Toyota Tercel DX (1995) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
|0.32<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Corolla Hatchback eBrochure |url=https://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2019/corollahatchback_ebrochure.pdf |publisher=Toyota |location=US |access-date=2019-05-17 |page=22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517151046/https://www.toyota.com/content/ebrochure/2019/corollahatchback_ebrochure.pdf |archive-date=2019-05-17}}</ref> || Toyota Corolla Hatchback (E210, US) || 2019
|-
| 0.32 || [[Volkswagen Golf III]] || 1991
|-
| 0.32 || [[Volkswagen Golf|Volkswagen GTI Mk V]] || 2006
|-
| 0.32 || [[ Volvo V50]] || 2004

|-
| 0.315 || [[Saturn S-Series|Saturn SL1]] || 1996-1999<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9552.htm |title=Saturn SL1 (1996) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02 }} (enlace roto: septiembre de 2010)</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Alfa Romeo 156]] || (1997–2007)
|-
| 0.31 || [[Audi A4|Audi A4 B5]] || 1995
|-
| 0.31 || [[Audi A5]] || 2011–2016
|-
| 0.31 || [[Audi A3]] || 2014
|-
| 0.31 || [[BMW Serie 7]] || 2009
|-
| 0.31 || [[Buick Park Avenue]] || 1996
|-
| 0.31 || [[Cadillac CTS]] || 2004
|-
| 0.31 || [[Cadillac CTS]] || 2005
|-
| 0.31 || [[Citroën AX]] || 1986
|-
| 0.31 || [[Citroën GS]] || 1970
|-
| 0.31 || [[Chrysler Vision]] || 1995
|-
| 0.31 || [[Ford Focus|Ford Focus Sedán]] || 2000-2004
|-
| 0.31 || [[Fiat Coupé|Fiat Cupé]] || 1995<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fiatcoupehistory.com/e_daten.htm |title=fiatcoupehistory |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090804105207/http://www.fiatcoupehistory.com/e_daten.htm |archive-date=2009-08-04}}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Fiat Tipo (1988)]] || 1988-1995
|-
| 0.31 || [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] || 1995
|-
| 0.31 || [[Ford Thunderbird]] || 1989-1997<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tercelreference.com/Downloads/CdA_List.htm |title=Toyota Tercel Reference - CdA List |access-date=2010-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716210821/http://www.tercelreference.com/Downloads/CdA_List.htm |archive-date=2011-07-16 }}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Holden Commodore]] || 1998
|-
| 0.31 || [[Honda Civic]] (''hatchback'') || 1992-1995<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Honda Civic]] (sedán) || 2006
|-
| 0.31 || [[Infiniti G]] (cupé) || 2008–2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infinitiusa.com/g_coupe/specs-options/|title=2011 Infiniti G Coupe Specifications|publisher=Infiniti USA|access-date=2011-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205021809/http://www.infinitiusa.com/g_coupe/specs-options/|archive-date=2010-12-05}}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Kia Rio]] (sedán) || 2001<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.internetautoguide.com/car-specifications/09-int/2001/kia/rio/index.html |title=2001 Kia Rio Specifications - View New Kia Rio 2001 Specs & Data at |publisher=Internetautoguide.com |access-date=2010-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100726121304/http://www.internetautoguide.com/car-specifications/09-int/2001/kia/rio/index.html |archive-date=2010-07-26 }}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Lamborghini Diablo]] || 1990
|-
| 0.31 || [[Lexus LFA]] <small>(alerón recogido)</small>|| 2010
|-
| 0.31 || [[ Mazda MX-3]] || 1990–1996
|-
| 0.31 || [[ Mazda MX-6]] || 1992–1997
|-
| 0.31 || [[Mazda RX-7]] FC3S || 1986
|-
| 0.31 || [[Mazda RX-7]] FD R1(R2) || 1993
|-
| 0.31 || [[Mazda RX-8]] || 2004
|-
|0.31
|[[Mazda 2|Mazda2]] (Hatchback)
|2010-2014<ref>{{Cite web|title=2010 Mazda 2 II (DE, facelift 2010) 1.5i (102 Hp) Automatic {{!}} Technical specs, data, fuel consumption, Dimensions|url=https://www.auto-data.net/en/mazda-2-ii-de-facelift-2010-1.5i-102hp-automatic-17495|access-date=2020-06-21|website=www.auto-data.net|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Mazda 3]] (Hatchback) || 2010-2013
|-
| 0.31 || [[Nissan Tiida|Nissan Tiida / Versa]] || 2004
|-
| 0.31 || [[Opel Tigra]] || 1994-2000
|-
| 0.31 || [[Pagani Huayra]] || 2012<ref name="topgear_paganih">{{cite web |url=http://www.topgear.com/uk/photos/topgear-pagai-huayra-2011-03-08?imageNo=10 |publisher=Topgear.com |date=2012-06-08 |title=TG meets the Pagani Huayra - BBC Top Gear |access-date=2013-04-05 |fechaarchivo=28 de agosto de 2011 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828073443/http://www.topgear.com/uk/photos/topgear-pagai-huayra-2011-03-08?imageNo=10 |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Peugeot 307]] || 2001
|-
| 0.31 || [[Peugeot 405]] || 1987
|-
| 0.31 || [[ Porsche 997]] Turbo/GT3 || 2006
|-
| 0.31 || [[Renault 25]] || 1984
|-
| 0.31 || [[ Saab Sonett#Sonett III|Saab Sonett III]] || 1970-1974<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 Viggen]] || 2003<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Saab 9-5|Saab 9-5 Wagon (2000-2010)]] || 2003<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Saturn S-Series|Saturn SC2]] || 2001
|-
| 0.31 || [[ Scion xA]] || 2004
|-
| 0.31 || [[Toyota Avalon]] || 1995–2000
|-
| 0.31 || [[ Toyota Corolla (E110)]] || 1998-2002<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1998/solo9809.html |title=1998 TOYOTA COROLLA LE |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Toyota Corolla (E210)|Toyota Corolla (E210, UK)]] || 2019<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://media.toyota.co.uk/product_info/corolla-2019-current/ |title=Corolla |publisher=Toyota |location=UK |date=February 2019 |access-date=2019-02-14}}</ref>
 |-
| 0.31 || [[Toyota Paseo]] || 1995-1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9549.html |title=Toyota Paseo (1996) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.31 || [[Toyota RAV4]] || 2006
|-
| 0.31 || [[Toyota Supra]] (excepto sin alerón) || 1993
|-
| 0.31 || [[Volkswagen Golf|Volkswagen GTI Mk IV]] || 1997
|-
| 0.31 || [[Volkswagen Golf VI]] || 2008-2012
|-
| 0.31 || [[Volvo S40]] 2nd generation || 2003
|-
| 0.308 || [[Chevrolet Bolt]] || 2016<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hybridcars.com/2017-chevy-bolt-ev-is-less-of-a-drag-than-originally-believed/|title=2017 Chevy Bolt EV Is Less of a Drag Than Originally Believed|access-date=2017-03-29}}</ref>
|-
| 0.308 || [[Škoda Octavia]]|| 2005
|-
| 0.304 || [[Ford Probe]] || 1988-1992<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=11484 |title=Carfolio Car Specifications |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
|0.30
|[[Lotus Elan|Lotus Elan+2]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lotuselan.net/wiki/1967_Elan_%2B2_Introduction_Brochure |title=Lotus Elan+2 |publisher=Lotus |year=1967 |via=LotusElan.net}}</ref>
|1967-1974
|-
| 0.30 || [[Alfa Romeo 164]] || 1988<ref name="Alfa 164">{{cite web|url=http://ateupwithmotor.com/luxury-and-personal-luxury-cars/169-four-of-a-kind-alfa-romeo-164.html|title=Four of a Kind: The Alfa Romeo 164 and the "Type Four" Cars|access-date=2011-06-28|website=ateupwithmotor.com| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110707191805/http://ateupwithmotor.com/luxury-and-personal-luxury-cars/169-four-of-a-kind-alfa-romeo-164.html| archive-date=2011-07-07<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.30 || [[Audi 100]] || 1983
|-
|0.30<ref>{{Cite web|title=The BMW 5 Series History. The 3rd Generation (E34) - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUuow8JWKrU&ab_channel=BMW|access-date=2021-01-26|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
|BMW 5 Series (E34)
|1988
|-
| 0.30 || [[BMW Serie 3|BMW 3 Series (F30/F31)]] 335i<ref name="BMWPressF30">{{cite press|title=The new BMW 3 Series Sedan|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/attachment/T0122586EN/256226}}</ref> || 2012
|-
| 0.30 || [[Fiat Uno| Fiat Uno facelift]] || 1989-2000
|-
| 0.30 || [[Ford Taurus]] || 1996-1999<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/1997/solo9646.html |title=1996/1997 FORD TAURUS SHO |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/wk9548.html |title=1996 FORD TAURUS GL SEDAN |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.30 || [[ Ford Focus (first generation)|Ford Focus Wagon]] || 2000-2004
|-
| 0.30 || [[Ford Focus| Ford Focus ST]] || 2013–2018
|-
| 0.30 || [[Honda Accord]] Sedán || 2003, 2005–2007
|-
| 0.30 || [[Honda CR-X]] DX/Si<ref name="modernracer1">{{cite web|author=gtmash |url=http://www.modernracer.com/features/carcutawayhondaciviccrx.html |title=Honda Civic CRX - Car Cutaway - Modern Racer - Features |publisher=Modern Racer |access-date=2009-10-24}}</ref>|| 1988
|-
| 0.30 || [[Honda NSX]] || 2002
|-
| 0.30 || [[ Honda Odyssey (North America)|Honda Odyssey]] || 2005
|-
| 0.30 || [[Hyundai Sonata]] || 2006
|-
| 0.30 || [[Koenigsegg CCX]] || 2006
|-
| 0.30 || [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]] || 2000
|-
| 0.30 || [[ Nissan 180SX]] || 1989
|-
| 0.30 || [[Nissan 300 ZX]] || 1983
|-
| 0.30 || Nissan 350Z Cupé Base <small>(y preparados)</small> || 2003–2008
|-
| 0.30 || [[Nissan 370Z|Nissan 370Z Cupé]] <small>(Sport: 0.29 )</small> || 2009<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nissanusa.com/zcoupe/specifications.html |title=2009 Nissan 370Z Coupe Specs |publisher=Nissan USA |date=2009-08-31 |access-date=2009-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100208151823/http://www.nissanusa.com/zcoupe/specifications.html |archive-date=2010-02-08 }}</ref>
|-
|0.30
|[[Peugeot 207]]<ref name="ReferenceC">{{Cite web|url=http://ecomodder.com/wiki/index.php/Vehicle_Coefficient_of_Drag_List|title=Vehicle Coefficient of Drag List - EcoModder|website=ecomodder.com|language=en|access-date=2017-12-09}}</ref>
|2006-2014
|-
| 0.30 || [[Renault 19|Renault 19 16V]] || 1991
|-
| 0.30 || [[Saab 92]] || 1947<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.30 || [[SEAT León]] || 2012
|-
|0.30<ref name="motortrend-camry" />
|[[ Toyota Camry (XV20)|Toyota Camry]] (sedán)
|1996
|-
| 0.30 || [[Toyota Corolla (E120)]] || 2003-2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motortrend.com/cars/2003/toyota/corolla/specifications/index.html |title=2003 Toyota Corolla Specs |publisher=motortrend.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.30 || [[Toyota Corolla (E210)|Toyota Corolla]] <small>(E210, Europe, ''Hatchback'')</small> || 2019<ref name="E210Europa">{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.toyota.eu/download/647310/2019-toyota-corolla-dpl-en-983710.pdf |title=The New Corolla Model Range|publisher=Toyota Motor Europe |date=February 2019 |access-date=2019-05-17}}</ref>
|-
| 0.30 || [[Toyota Sienna]] || 2003–2009
|-
| 0.30 || [[Volkswagen Jetta|Volkswagen Bora mk4]] || 1999–2005
|-
| 0.30{{efn|name=NA|North American market}} || [[ Mercedes-Benz CLA|Mercedes-Benz CLA 250 ]]<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/blog_attachments/the-slipperiest-car-on-the-road.pdf |title=Five slippery cars enter a wind tunnel; one slinks out a winner |first=Don |last=Sherman |publisher=Tesla |location=US |date=June 2014 |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> || 2013–2018
|-
| 0.299 || [[Cadillac ATS]] || 2012<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gm/news.detail.html/content/Pages/news/us/en/2012/Sep/0925_cadillacATS.html |title=Design, Engineering Contribute to ATS Fuel Economy |publisher=General Motors |location=US |date=2012-09-25 |access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref>
|-
| 0.297 || [[Fiat Tempra]] || 1990-1999
|-
| 0.296<ref>{{cite news|last1=Voss|first1=Arv|title=Chevy's new Impala provides a breath of fresh air|url=https://www.sfgate.com/cars/article/Chevy-s-new-Impala-provides-a-breath-of-fresh-air-4687216.php|access-date=2018-02-09|work=SFGate}}</ref> || [[Chevrolet Impala]] ([[Motor de cuatro cilindros en línea|I4]]) || 2013
|-
| 0.295 || [[Ford Falcon (Australia)|Ford Falcon]] || 1998
|-
| 0.295 || [[Ford Focus]] <small>(Mk.III hatchback</small><ref name="FocusMkIII">{{cite web| title=Meet the Focus| url=https://stg.motoring.com.au/meet-the-focus-25090/| archive-url  = https://archive.today/20180226181738/https://stg.motoring.com.au/meet-the-focus-25090/ | archive-date = 2018-02-26 }}</ref><small> sedán:0.274)</small> || 2011
|-
| 0.291<ref>toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=2633</ref> || [[Toyota Avalon]] || 2005
|-
|0.29
|[[ Subaru XT]]
|1985-1989
|-
| 0.29 || [[Alfa Romeo 155]] || 1992<ref name="1992 Alfa Romeo 155">{{cite web|url=http://www.carfolio.com/specifications/models/car/?car=41602|title=1992 Alfa Romeo 155 1.8 Twin Spark technical specifications|access-date=2011-06-28|website=carfolio.com}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Alfa Romeo MiTo]] || 2011<ref name="2011 Alfa Romeo MiTo">{{cite web|url=https://www.carfolio.com/alfa-romeo-mito-twinair-ss-255288#a_aerodynamics|title=2011 Alfa Romeo MiTo Twinair S&S technical specifications|access-date=2020-10-27|website=carfolio.com}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Acura TL]] || 2004-2008
|-
| 0.29 || [[Audi 80]] || 1991
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.audi.de/content/dam/ngw/product/used_cars/a4/pdf/a4b7/2007_03_a4_b7_20tdi.pdf |title=Technische Daten Audi A4 2.0 TDI (103 kW) |publisher=Audi |location=Germany |language=de |date=March 2007  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317193350/https://www.audi.de/content/dam/ngw/product/used_cars/a4/pdf/a4b7/2007_03_a4_b7_20tdi.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-17}}</ref> || [[Audi A4]] Sedán || 2007
|-
| 0.29 || [[BMW Serie 1]] (116i Sportshatch) || 2008
|-
| 0.29 || [[BMW Serie 3|BMW 3 Series (F30/F31)]] 328i<ref name=BMWPressF30/> || 2012
|-
| 0.29 || [[ BMW 8 Series (E31)|BMW 8 Series]] || 1989-1999
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/attachment/T0143924EN/222601 |title=The BMW i3 |publisher=BMW |year=2013 |access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>{{efn|0.30 with [[ range extender (vehicle)|range extender]]}} || [[BMW i3]] || 2013
|-
| 0.25<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0319728EN/the-first-ever-bmw-ix |title= The first ever BMW iX |publisher=BMW |year=2020 |access-date=2020-11-11}}</ref> || [[ BMW iX]] || 2020
|-
| 0.29 || [[Chevrolet Corvette]] || 2005
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Chevrolet Corvette (C5)#Z06|Chevrolet Corvette C5 Z06]] || 2002
|-
|0.29<ref name="autonews-mini">{{Cite web|url=https://www.autonews.com/article/20151130/OEM03/311309985/mini-wind-tunnel-fine-tunes-gm-designs|title=Mini wind tunnel fine-tunes GM designs|date=2015-11-30|website=Automotive News|language=en|access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref>
| [[Chevrolet Cruze|Chevrolet Cruze Sedán]]
|2016
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Daewoo Espero]] || 1990
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Dodge Charger Daytona]] || 1969
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Eagle Talon]] || 1990s
|-
| 0.29 || [[Fiat Tipo (2016)]] || 2015<ref name="Test Quattroruote">{{cite web |url=http://www.quattroruote.it/news/novita/2015/11/27/fiat_tipo_al_lancio_le_opening_edition_benzina_e_diesel.html |title=Fiat Tipo - Al lancio le Opening Edition benzina e diesel |website=Quattroruote |location=Italy |language=it |date=2015-11-28 |access-date=2016-12-27}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Ford Escape]] || 2010<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.all-about-car-selection.com/ford-escape-hybrid.html |title=Ford Escape Hybrid |publisher=All-about-car-selection.com |access-date=2010-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707112110/http://www.all-about-car-selection.com/ford-escape-hybrid.html |archive-date=2011-07-07 }}</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Ford Falcon (AU)]] Sedán || 1998
|-
| 0.29 || [[Ford C-Max]] || 2003<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fordforums.com/f349/all-new-ford-focus-c-max-32598/ |title=All-new Ford Focus C-Max - Ford Forums - Mustang Forum, Ford Trucks and Cars |publisher=Ford Forums |access-date=2010-04-23}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Honda Accord]] Cupé || 2003, 2005–2007<ref>{{cite web|url=https://owners.honda.com/vehicles/information/2006/Accord-Coupe/specs#mid^CM7276JW |title=Vehicle Specifications - 2006 Honda Accord Coupe - Honda Owners Site |website=Honda Owners Site |access-date=2020-08-06}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite web |title=Vehicle Specifications 2005 Honda Accord Hybrid|url=https://owners.honda.com/vehicles/information/2005/Accord-Hybrid/specs |website=Honda Owners Site |access-date=2019-03-03}}</ref> || [[Honda Accord Hybrid]] || 2005, 2007
|-
| 0.29 || [[Honda CR-X]] HF<ref name="modernracer1"/> || 1988
|-
| 0.29 || [[Infiniti G]] Sedán || 2008
|-
| 0.29 || [[Kia Niro]] Hybrid/EV Compact SUV || 2016<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kia.com/us/en/vehicle/niro/2017/exterior |title=Kia Niro Exterior |publisher=Kia Motors |access-date=2017-11-20}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Lancia Dedra]] || 1990
|-
| 0.29 || [[Lexus CT|Lexus CT 200h]] || 2011–presente
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite book |title=Lexus: The Challenge to Create the Finest Automobile |first=Brian |last=Long |publisher=Veloce Publishing |location=Cardiff |pages=19–20 |isbn=1-901295-81-8 |year=2000}}</ref>  || [[Lexus LS]] || 1990
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Lotus Elite]] || 1958
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Lotus Europa]] || 1966
|-
| 0.29 || [[Mazda Millenia]] || 1995
|-
| 0.29 || [[Mazda RX-7]] FC3S Aero Package || 1986
|-
| 0.29 || [[Mazda RX-7]] FD || 1993
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite web |url=https://1ijylmozio83m2nkr2v293mp-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2010-MAZDA3-specs.pdf |title=2010 Mazda3 Specification Deck |publisher=Mazda Motor of America, Inc. |date=2009-03-24 |access-date=2018-11-25 |fechaarchivo=24 de noviembre de 2018 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124230625/https://1ijylmozio83m2nkr2v293mp-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/2010-MAZDA3-specs.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> || [[Mazda 3]] (sedán) || 2009
|-
| 0.29 || [[Mercedes-Benz Clase SL]] <small>(con capota)</small> || 2001–presente
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Mercedes-Benz W203|Mercedes-Benz C-Class Sportscoupe]] || 2001
|-
| 0.29 || [[Nissan 350Z]] <small>Cupé Track y Grand Touring</small> || 2007–2008
|-
| 0.29 || [[Nissan Leaf]] || 2010<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.nissan.co.uk/content/dam/services/gb/brochure/Leaf+Brochure.pdf |title=Nissan Leaf Zero Emission |publisher=Nissan |location=UK |date=2013-07-01 |access-date=2016-02-25 }} (enlace roto: octubre de 2018)</ref>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Opel Calibra]] <small>(versiones 16v/V6/Turbo)</small> || 1989-1997
|-
| 0.29 || [[Peugeot 208]] || 2012
|-
| 0.29 || [[Peugeot 308]] || 2007–presente
|-
| 0.29 || [[Peugeot 407]] || 2004-2011
|-
| 0.29 || [[Peugeot 607]] || 2000-2010
|-
| 0.29 || [[Pontiac Firebird]] <small>(con Aero Pack)</small> || 1984
|-
| 0.29 || [[Porsche 918]] || 2010
|-
| 0.29 || [[Porsche Boxster]] || 2005–presente
|-
| 0.29 || [[Saab 9-5|Saab 9-5 (1998 – 2009)]] || 2003<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.29 || [[Subaru SVX]] (sin deflector)|| 1992
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2014+toyota+corolla+product+specs.htm |title=2014 Toyota Corolla Product Information |publisher=Toyota |location=US |date=2013-08-27 |access-date=2018-12-07 |fechaarchivo=8 de diciembre de 2018 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20181208023558/https://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2014+toyota+corolla+product+specs.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2020 Corolla eBrochure |url=https://www.toyota.com/corolla/ebrochure/ |publisher=Toyota |location=US |access-date=2019-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517140232/https://www.toyota.com/corolla/ebrochure/ |archive-date=2019-05-17 |page=25}}</ref> ||Toyota Corolla <small>L/LE Sedán [[Toyota Corolla (E170)|(E170)]] 2013, [[Toyota Corolla (E210)|(E210)]]|| 2019</small>
|-
| 0.29 || [[ Toyota Platz]] || 2000-2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/2000/lhill_2000echo.html |title=2000 Toyota Echo Review |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theautochannel.com/vehicles/new/reviews/2000/gap0010.html |title=Toyota Echo 4-Door (2000) |publisher=theautochannel.com |access-date=2010-05-02}}</ref>
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://toyota.pressroom.com.au/press_kit_detail.asp?clientID=2&navSectionID=6&categoryID=1000&kitID=25 |title=2001 Toyota Prius Press Kit |publisher=Toyota |location=Australia |date=2001-10-04 |access-date=2020-07-10}}</ref> || [[Toyota Prius]] || 2001
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=2637 |title=2010 Yaris Product Information |publisher=Toyota |location=US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180522041939/https://pressroom.toyota.com/article_download.cfm?article_id=2637 |archive-date=2018-05-22}}</ref> || [[Toyota Yaris]] (sedán y ''hatchback'') || 2006-2011
|-
| 0.29 || [[Volvo 850]] T-5R Sedán || 1995
|-
| 0.29<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoclub.org.uk/pdf/brochures/IMP-C70.pdf |title=Dream Machines Number 39 – Volvo C70 |publisher=Volvo |location=Sweden |via=Volvo Club UK |access-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> || [[Volvo C70]] || 1998
|-
| 0.288<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.chrysler.com:80/concorde/specs/specs4.html |title=Chrysler Concorde Specifications - Dimensions |publisher=Chrysler |location=US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010110203300/http://www.chrysler.com/concorde/specs/specs4.html |archive-date=2001-01-10 |access-date=2018-12-31 }}</ref> || [[Chrysler Concorde]] || 1998–2001
|-
| 0.286<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Tan |first=Danny|date=2016-07-21 |title=Perodua Bezza officially launched – first ever sedan, 1.0 VVT-i and 1.3 Dual VVT-i, RM37k to RM51k EEV |url=https://paultan.org/2016/07/21/perodua-bezza-officially-launched/ |location=Malaysia |publisher=paultan.org |access-date=2019-06-29 }}</ref> ||[[ Perodua Bezza]] || 2016
|-
| 0.286<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://media.gm.com/dam/Media/documents/CA/Archives/EN/Vehicles/chevrolet/2006Corvette.html |title=2006 Chevrolet Corvette |publisher=General Motors |location=US |year=2005 |access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref> ||[[Chevrolet Corvette C6]] (cupé) || 2005–2013
|-
| 0.285<ref name="autonews-mini" />||[[Chevrolet Volt]] || 2016
|-
| 0.285<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title= The All-new 2013 Dodge Dart Redefines Performance |url=https://media.fcanorthamerica.com/newsrelease.do?id=11878&fIId=11857&mid=324|publisher=FCA US |date=2012-09-01 |access-date=2019-07-05}}</ref>||[[Dodge Dart (2012)]] || 2012
|-
| 0.285<ref>{{cite web |title=New Astra Price/Specification Guide |url=https://www.vauxhallfleet.co.uk/uploads/historical-data/pdf/014_New_ASTRA_Spec_PG_1_July_2016-1469782043.pdf |publisher=Vauxhall |location=UK |access-date=2019-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302153956/https://www.vauxhallfleet.co.uk/uploads/historical-data/pdf/014_New_ASTRA_Spec_PG_1_July_2016-1469782043.pdf |archive-date=2019-03-02 |page=23}}</ref> || [[Opel Astra]] K Hatchback || 2015
|-
| 0.284<ref>https://newspress-vwusamedia.s3.amazonaws.com/documents%2Foriginal%2F6247-1422603158536a85ba5b823.pdf</ref> || [[Volkswagen Passat CC]] || 2008–2017
|-
| 0.281<ref>http://media.gm.com/media/us/en/chevrolet/vehicles/volt/2011.tab1.html</ref> || [[Chevrolet Volt]] || 2010-2015
|-
| 0.28 || [[ Alfa Romeo Giulietta Sprint Speciale]] || 1959<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hemmings.com/hmn/stories/2009/01/01/hmn_feature9.html|title=1959-'66 Alfa Romeo Sprint Speciale|access-date=2019-11-15|website=hemmings.com}}</ref>
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hutton |first1=Ray |title=Audi A2 |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/audi-a2-first-drive-review |website=Car and Driver |access-date=2018-12-16 |language=en |date=July 2000}}</ref> || [[Audi A2]] 1.4 TDI || 2000
|-
| 0.28 || [[Citroën C4]] || 2004
|-
| 0.28 || [[Citroën XM]] || 1989
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=New FIAT Croma in UK |url=http://www.fiatpress.co.uk/press/article/new-fiat-croma-in-uk |publisher= Fiat Auto (UK) Limited |date=2005-08-01 |access-date=2018-12-16}}</ref> || [[Fiat Croma|Fiat Croma Nuova]] || 2005-2011
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite web |last=Csere |first=Csaba |title=2003 Honda Civic Hybrid |url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2003-honda-civic-hybrid-road-test |website=Car and Driver |access-date=2018-12-16|date=May 2002 |language=en}}</ref>|| [[Honda Civic]] Hybrid || 2003-2005
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=All-New Honda Insight Hybrid Vehicle Introduced in Japan |url=https://world.honda.com/news/2009/4090205eng-insight.html |publisher= Honda Motor Co.|date=2009-02-05|location=Tokyo, Japan |access-date=2019-01-09}}</ref> || [[Honda Insight]] || 2009-2014
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite web |last=Markus |first=Frank |title=First Look: 2011 Hyundai Elantra - Motor Trend |url=http://www.motortrend.com/cars/hyundai/elantra/2011/2011-hyundai-elantra-look/ |website=Motor Trend |publisher=Motor Trend Group, LLC |access-date=2018-12-16 |date=2010-11-15}}</ref>|| [[Hyundai Elantra]] || 2011
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite web |last=Walton |first=Chris |title=2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Road Test| url=https://www.edmunds.com/hyundai/sonata-hybrid/2011/road-test-3/ |website=Edmunds |access-date=2018-12-16 |date=2010-08-20}}</ref>|| [[Hyundai Sonata]] <small>(0.25 híbrido)</small> || 2011-2013
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lexus.com/models/is/350_specifications.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2006-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060408215051/http://lexus.com/models/is/350_specifications.html |archive-date=2006-04-08 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.lexus.com/models/IS/specifications |title=Archived copy |access-date=2014-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140609095351/http://www.lexus.com/models/IS/specifications |archive-date=2014-06-09 }}</ref> || [[Lexus IS]] || 2006–presente
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite news|title=Special Report: Imports '87|work=Popular Mechanics|date=February 1987|page=126}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hucho|first1=edited by Wolf-Heinrich|title=Aerodynamics of road vehicles : from fluid mechanics to vehicle engineering|date=1986|publisher=Butterworths|location=London|isbn=978-0-408-01422-9|page=39}}</ref> || [[Opel Omega|Opel Omega (sedán)]] || 1986–1993
|-
| 0.28 || [[Saab 9-3|Saab 9-3 SS]] || 2003<ref name=saabhistory/>
|-
| 0.28<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schütz|first1=Thomas|title=Hucho - Aerodynamik des Automobils: Strömungsmechanik, Wärmetechnik, Fahrdynamik, Komfort|publisher=Springer-Verlag|isbn=978-3-8348-1919-2}}</ref> || [[Rumpler Tropfenwagen]] || 1921-1925
|-
| 0.28<ref name ="CD 2007 Camry">{{cite magazine |last=Winfield |first=Barry |date=March 2006 |title=2007 Toyota Camry SE |url=https://media.caranddriver.com/files/2007-toyota-camry-se2007-toyota-camry-se-specs.pdf |magazine=Car and Driver |publisher=Hearst Magazine Media |access-date=2019-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608121511/http://media.caranddriver.com/files/2007-toyota-camry-se2007-toyota-camry-se-specs.pdf |archive-date=2015-06-08  }}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=2017 Toyota Camry Product Information Sheet|url=https://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2017-toyota-camry-product-specs.download|access-date=2019-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109221220/https://pressroom.toyota.com/releases/2017-toyota-camry-product-specs.download|archive-date=2019-01-09}}</ref> || Toyota Camry [[ Toyota Camry (XV40)|XV40]], [[ Toyota Camry (XV50)|XV50]] || 2006–2018
|-
| 0.28 || [[Toyota Corolla (E210)|Toyota Corolla]] <small>(E210, Europe, Saloon)</small> || 2019<ref name="E210Europa"/>
|-
| 0.28 || [[Maserati Quattroporte]] VI || 2013<ref>{{cite web |title=Quattroporte MY19 Press Kit |url=http://media.maserati.com/en-ww/press-kits/quattroporte-my19 |website=media.maserati.com |access-date=2019-06-01}}</ref>
|-
| 0.275 || [[Ford Fusion (América)|Ford Fusion]] || 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/sedans/1209_2013_ford_fusion_first_test/ |title=First Test:2013 Ford Fusion |author=Nate Martinez |publisher=motortrend.com |access-date=2014-05-28}}</ref>
|-
|0.274
|[[Peugeot 207]] Economique<ref name="ReferenceC"/>
|2009
|-
| 0.273<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/feu/en/news/2018/04/10/ford-unveils-all-new-focus--most-innovative--dynamic-and-excitin.pdf |title=Ford Unveils All-New Focus |publisher=The Ford Motor Company |access-date=2018-04-11 |date=2018-04-10 |fechaarchivo=8 de octubre de 2021 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008085958/https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/feu/en/news/2018/04/10/ford-unveils-all-new-focus--most-innovative--dynamic-and-excitin.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> || [[Ford Focus]] <small>Mk IV hatchback sedán: 0.25)</small> || 2018
|-
|0.27<ref>{{Cite web|title=The BMW 5 Series History. The 4th Generation (E39). - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUfBQ0CX3Zc&ab_channel=BMW|access-date=2021-01-26|website=www.youtube.com}}</ref>
|BMW 5 Series (E39)
|1996
|-
| 0.27{{efn|name=EU|European market}} || [[BMW Serie 3|BMW 3 Series (F30/F31)]] 320d<ref name="BMWPressF30" /> || 2012
|-
| 0.27<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=All-New 2017 Hyundai Elantra Brings Advanced Technology and Premium Convenience to the Compact Car Segment |url=https://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/2117|publisher= Hyundai Motor America |location=Imperial Beach, California|date=2016-01-26 |access-date=2018-12-18}}</ref> || [[Hyundai Elantra]] || 2016
|-
| 0.27<ref>{{cite press release|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=New 2020 Hyundai Sonata Makes Its North American Debut at the New York International Auto Show |url=https://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/2754 |location=New York City|date=2019-04-17 |access-date=2019-07-05}}</ref> || [[Hyundai Sonata]] || 2019
|-
| 0.27 || [[Mazda 6|Mazda6]] (sedán y ''hatchback'')<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mazda.de/NR/rdonlyres/4AD941AC-2043-479A-92AA-B3E9F3F03DAC/0/Mazda6_Broschuere.pdf |title=Mazda6 |publisher=Mazda |location=Germany |language=de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090120223416/http://www.mazda.de/NR/rdonlyres/4AD941AC-2043-479A-92AA-B3E9F3F03DAC/0/Mazda6_Broschuere.pdf |archive-date=2009-01-20}}</ref> || 2008
|-
| 0.27<ref>{{cite web|title=Mercedes-Benz S-Class, W 220 series (1998 to 2005)
|url=http://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko/Mercedes-Benz-S-Class-W-220-series-1998-to-2005.xhtml?oid=9273052}}</ref> || [[ Mercedes-Benz W220|Mercedes-Benz Clase S]] <small>(0.268 Sport P)</small> || 1998–2005
|-
| 0.27 || [[Toyota GT86]] and [[Toyota GT86]] || 2012<ref name="motortrend1">{{cite web|url=http://www.motortrend.com/roadtests/coupes/1112_2013_subaru_brz/viewall.html |title=First Drive:2013 Subaru BRZ|author=Edward Loh |publisher=Motortrend.com |date=2011-12-02 |access-date=2013-04-04}}</ref>
|-
|0.27<ref>{{cite press release|url=http://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/releases/attainable+premium+actualized+all+new+2019+toyota+avalon+beams+effortless+sophistication+style.htm|title=Attainable Premium, Actualized: All-New 2019 Toyota Avalon Beams Effortless Sophistication, Style, and Exhilaration at the 2018 North American International Auto Show {{!}} Toyota|date=2018-01-15|access-date=2018-02-08|fechaarchivo=10 de julio de 2018|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710202825/http://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/releases/attainable+premium+actualized+all+new+2019+toyota+avalon+beams+effortless+sophistication+style.htm|deadurl=yes}}</ref>
| [[Toyota Avalon]]
|2018
|-
| 0.27<ref>{{cite press release |title= The new Jetta - world premiere - North American International Auto Show |url= https://www.volkswagen-media-services.com/en/detailpage/-/detail/The-new-Jetta---world-premiere-North-American-International-Auto-Show/view/6114630/7a5bbec13158edd433c6630f5ac445da?p_p_auth=9HrTtguZ> }}</ref> || [[Volkswagen Jetta|Volkswagen Jetta Mk7]] || 2018 
|-
| 0.26{{efn|name=EU}} ||[[BMW Serie 3|BMW 3 Series (F30/F31)]] 320d ED<ref name=BMWPressF30/> || 2012
|-
| 0.26 || [[BMW E90]] (0.26-0.30) || 2009<ref>{{cite web|author=Interone Worldwide GmbH |url=http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/3series/sedan/2008/allfacts/engine/technical_data.html |title=BMW 3 Series Sedan : Technical data |publisher=Bmw.com |date=2008-06-17 |access-date=2009-10-24| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091013182739/http://www.bmw.com/com/en/newvehicles/3series/sedan/2008/allfacts/engine/technical_data.html| archive-date=2009-10-13<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>
|-
| 0.26 || [[Jaguar XE]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Jaguar XE (2015) technical details and prices confirmed|url=http://www.carmagazine.co.uk/News/Search-Results/First-Official-Pictures/Jaguar-XE-2015-technical-details-and-prices-confirmed/|website=Car|access-date=2014-10-15|date=2014-10-01}}</ref> || 2014
|-
| 0.26 || [[Mazda 3]] (sedán) || 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mazda.com/publicity/release/2011/201109/110927a.html|title=Mazda Launches Second SKYACTIV Model in Japan: Facelifted Axela}}</ref>
|-
| 0.26{{efn|name=EU|European market}}  || [[Mercedes-Benz Clase C]] Cupé<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/c-class/instantly-thrilling-the-new-c-class-coupe/ |title=Instantly thrilling: The new Mercedes-Benz C-Class Coupé |publisher=Mercedes |date=2015-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111938/https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/c-class/instantly-thrilling-the-new-c-class-coupe/ |archive-date=2016-03-04}}</ref> || 2015–2018
|-
|0.26<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://nissannews.com/en-US/nissan/usa/presskits/us-2019-nissan-altima-press-kit |title=2019 Nissan Altima Press Kit |publisher=Nissan |location=US |date=2018-03-28 |access-date=2018-06-22}}</ref> || Nissan Altima (6th gen.) || 2018
|-
|0.26<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://newsroom.nissan-global.com/releases/release-fc1499a2382c4bfa3a359291601be29b-190416-01-e |title=All-new Nissan Sylphy unveiled at Auto Shanghai 2019 |publisher=Nissan |location=Shanghai |date=2019-04-15 |access-date=2019-04-05}}</ref> || [[ Nissan Sylphy]] (B18) || 2019
|-
| 0.26 || [[Opel Calibra]] 8-valve<ref>https://www.topspeed.com/cars/car-news/calibraproof-that-old-school-still-rocks-ar14819.html</ref> || 1989
|-
| 0.26{{efn|name=EU|European market}}<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/press-releases/innovative-aerodynamics-concept-of-theaudi-e-tron-s-models-12852|date=2020-06-17|title= Innovative aerodynamics concept of the Audi e-tron S models}}</ref>  || Audi e-tron Sportback || 2020
|-
|0.25<ref>Toyota Prius: El fabricante informa de pruebas independientes con Cx 0,26</ref><ref name="C&D">{{cite news|last1=Sherman|first1=Don|title=Drag Queens: Aerodynamics Compared|url=https://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/blog_attachments/the-slipperiest-car-on-the-road.pdf|access-date=2017-12-29|work=Car and Driver|issue=June 2014|publisher=Hearst Communications}}</ref></small>
|[[Toyota Prius]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://toyotanews.pressroom.toyota.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=2648|title=2010 Toyota Prius Product Information {{!}} Toyota|access-date=2017-10-09}}</ref>
|2009-2015
|-
| 0.25<ref name=taycan>{{cite press release|url=https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/products/taycan/aerodynamics-18554.html|title=Aerodynamics: The best value of all current Porsche models|date=2019-09-04|access-date=2019-10-14}}</ref> || [[Porsche Taycan|Porsche Taycan Turbo S]]  || 2019
|-
|0.25
|[[Honda Insight]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://ecomodder.com/wiki/index.php/Vehicle_Coefficient_of_Drag_List |title=Vehicle Coefficient of Drag List |website=EcoModder |access-date=2017-11-16}}</ref>
|1999-2006
|-
| 0.25 || [[Tesla Model X]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.teslamotors.com/modelx |title=Model X Tesla Motors |website=Teslamotors.com |access-date=2018-02-13}}</ref> || 2018
|-
| 0.26 || [[Lexus LS]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://media.lexus.ca/internal_redirect/cms.ipressroom.com.s3.amazonaws.com/197/files/20144/2002_LS_430_specs_eng.pdf |title=2002 Lexus LS430 Specifications |website=Lexus.ca |access-date=2020-01-20 |fechaarchivo=5 de agosto de 2021 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20210805111937/http://media.lexus.ca/internal_redirect/cms.ipressroom.com.s3.amazonaws.com/197/files/20144/2002_LS_430_specs_eng.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref><small>(0.25 suspensión neumática)</small>|| 2001-2006
|-
| 0.249<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.skoda-storyboard.com/en/press-kits/skoda-octavia-press-kit-2/technical-data/ |title=Technical Data |publisher=Škoda | date=2020-03-16 |access-date=2020-04-22}}</ref> || Škoda Octavia MkIV 5 puertas || 2020
|-
| 0.24<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/2322 |title=2017 Hyundai Ioniq Hybrid and Electric Models Soon to Be Available to U.S. Consumers  |publisher=Hyundai Motor America |access-date=2018-01-30|date=2017-02-14}}</ref>|| [[Hyundai Ioniq]] || 2016–presente
|-
| 0.24<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.kiamedia.com/us/en/media/pressreleases/11201/all-new-kia-optima-hybrid-unveiled-at-2016-chicago-auto-show |title=All-New Kia Optima Hybrid Unveiled At 2016 Chicago Auto Show |publisher=Kia Motors America |access-date=2018-02-08|date=2016-02-11}}</ref>|| [[Kia Optima|Kia Optima Hybrid]] || 2016
|-
| 0.24{{efn|name=EU|European market}} || [[ Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222)|Mercedes-Benz S 350 BlueTec]]<ref>{{cite web| url=http://mercindo-autorama.com/content/media_library/retailer/product/pc/s-class-w222/mercedes-benz-s-class-wv222_facts_technical-data_557_de_de_06-2013.pdf| title=Die technischen Daten der S-Klasse Limousine| access-date=2018-11-11| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181111003429/http://mercindo-autorama.com/content/media_library/retailer/product/pc/s-class-w222/mercedes-benz-s-class-wv222_facts_technical-data_557_de_de_06-2013.pdf| archive-date=2018-11-11}}</ref> || 2013
|-
| 0.24{{efn|name=EU|European market}} || [[Mercedes-Benz C-Class (W205)|Mercedes-Benz C 220]] <small>(BT BE Sedán)</small><ref>{{cite press release|title=C-Class awarded Environmental Certificate|url=https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/c-class/c-class-awarded-environmental-certificate/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140927015919/https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/mercedes-benz/vehicles/passenger-cars/c-class/c-class-awarded-environmental-certificate/ |archive-date = 2014-09-27}}</ref> || 2014–Presente
|-
| 0.24 || [[Tesla Model S]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Slippery Tesla Model S triumphs in wind-tunnel shootout|url=http://ecomento.com/2014/05/30/slippery-tesla-model-s-triumphs-in-wind-tunnel-shootout/|website=Ecomento|access-date=2014-10-15|date=2014-05-30|fechaarchivo=19 de octubre de 2014|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019142301/http://ecomento.com/2014/05/30/slippery-tesla-model-s-triumphs-in-wind-tunnel-shootout/|deadurl=yes}}</ref> || 2012
|-
| 0.24 || [[Toyota Prius]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Seabaugh|first1=Christian|title=2016 Toyota Prius First Drive Review|url=http://www.motortrend.com/news/2016-toyota-prius-first-drive-review/|website=MotorTrend|access-date=2015-11-18}}</ref> || 2016
|-
|0.236
|[[ Xpeng P7]]<ref>{{Cite web|last=Krivevski|first=Blagojce|title=Xpeng Starts Delivery of P7 EV Sports Sedan|url=https://electriccarsreport.com/2020/06/xpeng-starts-delivery-of-p7-ev-sports-sedan/|access-date=2020-06-28|language=en-US}}</ref>
|2020
|-
| 0.23<ref name =PressAudiA4_8w>{{cite press release |url=https://www.audi-mediacenter.com/en/audi-a4-24 |title=Audi A4 |publisher=Audi AG |access-date=2018-01-27}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}} || [[Audi A4|Audi A4 2.0 TDI ultra (110 kW)]] || 2015
|-
| 0.23<ref>{{cite press release|title=Alfa Romeo at the 2016 Paris International Motor Show|url=http://www.alfaromeopress.com/press/article/alfa-romeo-at-the-2016-paris-international-motor-show|access-date=2018-01-29|fechaarchivo=26 de noviembre de 2019|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20191126011228/http://www.alfaromeopress.com/press/article/alfa-romeo-at-the-2016-paris-international-motor-show|deadurl=yes}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}} || [[Alfa Romeo Giulia (2015)|Alfa Romeo Giulia Advanced Efficiency]] || 2016
|-
| 0.23<ref>{{cite press release | title=Specifications of the all-new BMW 3 Series Sedan, valid from 10/2018.|url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0289703EN/specifications-of-the-all-new-bmw-3-series-sedan-valid-from-10/2018|date=2018-10-02|access-date=2019-03-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317170229/https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/attachment/T0289703EN/421953|archive-date=2019-03-17}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}} || [[ BMW 3 Series (G20)|BMW 320d (G20)]] || 2018
|-
| 0.23<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.tesla.com/presskit |title=Press Kit |publisher=Tesla |access-date=2018-03-05}}</ref>|| [[Tesla Model 3]]|| 2017
|-
| 0.22<ref name=taycan/> || [[Porsche Taycan|Porsche Taycan Turbo]]  || 2019
|-
| 0.22<ref>{{cite web |last1=Disdale |first1=James |title=New BMW 5 Series 2017 review |url=http://www.autoexpress.co.uk/bmw/5-series/97845/new-bmw-5-series-2017-review |website=Auto Express |publisher=Dennis Publishing Ltd |location=UK |date=2017-01-12 |access-date=2018-01-25}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}  || [[BMW G30|BMW 5 series (G30) 520d ED]] || 2017
|-
| 0.22<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kable |first1=Greg |title=Mercedes-Benz CLA180 cheats the wind |url=https://autoweek.com/article/car-news/mercedes-benz-cla180-cheats-wind/ |website=Autoweek |publisher=Crain Communications, Inc |access-date=2018-11-28 |date=2013-02-07}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}  || [[Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class#CLA 180 BlueEFFICIENCY Edition (2013–)|Mercedes-Benz CLA 180 BE]] Sedán|| 2013
|-
| 0.212 || [[Tatra 77|Tatra T77A]] <small>(modelo 1:5)</small><ref>Algunas fuentes también afirman que esta cifra se relaciona con una prueba del modelo T87, no con el T77a {{cite web|url=http://www.tatraplan.co.uk |title=Tatra T600 Tatraplan |publisher=www.tatraplan.co.uk |access-date=2014-08-28}}</ref><ref>Ivan Margolius, 'Model Behaviour', ''Octane'', February 2012, pp. 38-9</ref><ref>Ivan Margolius & John G Henry, 'Tatra - The Legacy of Hans Ledwinka', Veloce, Dorchester, 2015, page 124</ref>|| 1935<ref name="ReferenceA">Optimization and computational fluid dynamics, Gàbor Janiga, Springer, 2008, page 196</ref><ref name="europeancarweb.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.europeancarweb.com/tech/0610_ec_aerodynamics_tech_buyers_guide/tables.html|title=Cheating Wind - Aerodynamic Tech and Buyers Guide|access-date=2008-03-13|website=europeancarweb.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aerotatra.czweb.org/t77.htm |title=Tatra 77 aerodynamic car (czech) |access-date=2010-05-17}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">Winning the oil endgame: innovation for profits, jobs and security, Amory B. Lovins, Rocky Mountain Institute, 2004, page 53</ref>
|-
| 0.19<ref>{{cite news |last1=Brown |first1=Aaron |title=Here's the story behind GM's revolutionary electric car from the 90s that disappeared |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/gm-ev1-history-2016-3 |access-date=2018-11-28 |work=Business Insider |publisher=Insider Inc. |date=2016-03-16 |language=en}}</ref> || [[General Motors EV1]] || 1996
|-
| 0.19<ref>{{cite web|last1=ZOELLTER|first1=JUERGEN|title=2014 Volkswagen XL1|url=https://www.caranddriver.com/reviews/2014-volkswagen-xl1-first-drive-review|website=Car and Driver|publisher=Hearst Communications, Inc.|access-date=2017-12-25}}</ref>|| [[Volkswagen XL1]] || 2013
|}
|}

{|
|- valign= "top" 
||
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col3cen" style="font-size:97%;"
|+Prototipos/Vehículos experimentales
!width=80px|C<sub>x</sub> !!width=250px|Automóvil !!width=120px| Año
|-
| 0.29 || [[FSM Beskid]] prototipo|| 1983
|-
| 0.27 || [[ Avion (car)|Avion]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.100mpgplus.com/technology/specifications.html |title=Original Avion Specifications - 1986 |website=100 mpg plus |year=2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120051555/http://www.100mpgplus.com/technology/specifications.html |archive-date=2008-11-20 |quote=vehicle set the 1986 Guinness World Record for fuel efficiency at 103.7 mpg}}</ref> || 1986
|-
| 0.26 || [[Alfa Romeo Disco Volante]] || 1952
|-
| 0.25 || BMW Kamm-Cupé || 1938<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.cardesignnews.com/news/2004/041203mcd-history3/ |last1=Ihrig |first1=Ron |title=Part 3: Production, Physics, Politics - Only the Strong Survive |series=German Design History |date=2004-12-03 |website=Car Design News |archive-date=2005-01-11 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20050111230624/http://www.cardesignnews.com/news/2004/041203mcd-history3/ |access-date=2016-03-25}}</ref>
|-
| 0.25 || [[Coche Dymaxion]] || 1933
|-
| 0.25 || [[SmILE]] (coche experimental) || 1996
|-
| 0.23 || [[Volvo ECC]] || 1992<ref>{{cite press release |language=en |url=https://www.media.volvocars.com/global/en-gb/models/volvo-ecc/1992 |title=Volvo ECC – the car that gave the world a preview of Volvo's future already back in 1992 |author=Volvo Car Corporation |website=media.volvocars.com |date=2005-03-01 |access-date=2017-12-15 }}</ref> 
|-
| 0.22 || [[BMW i8]] Prototipo || 2009
|-
| 0.22 || [[ Citroën ECO 2000]] Prototipo || 1981<ref>{{cite web|url=http://generationsfutures.chez-alice.fr/velo/citroen_ax_diesel.htm |title=50 000 km avec une Citroën Ax diesel, mon avis d'utilisateur ainsi que son coût kilométrique réel |publisher=Generationsfutures.chez-alice.fr |access-date=2010-12-07| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101028111820/http://generationsfutures.chez-alice.fr/velo/citroen_ax_diesel.htm| archive-date=2010-10-28}}</ref>
|-
| 0.22 || [[Aurel Persu]] aerodinámico || 1923<ref>http://www.auto-bild.ro/headline/aerodinamica-automobilelor-si-inventia-inginerului-roman-aurel-persu-43578.html</ref>
|-
| 0.21 || [[Lucid Air]] || 2020<ref>https://lucidmotors.com/stories/lucid-air-is-worlds-most-aero-efficient-luxury-car</ref>
|-
| 0.20 || Opel Eco-Speedster || 2002<ref name="#1">{{cite web |url=http://www.powerful-cars.com/php/opel/2002-eco-speedster.php |title=Opel 2002 Eco-Speedster |access-date=2015-09-30 |fechaarchivo=4 de marzo de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092300/http://www.powerful-cars.com/php/opel/2002-eco-speedster.php |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 0.20 || [[Loremo]] Prototipo || 2006<br />
|-
| 0.19 || [[Alfa Romeo BAT|Alfa Romeo B.A.T. 7]] Prototipo|| 1954<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.conceptcarz.com/vehicle/z4824/Alfa%20Romeo_BAT%207/default.aspx|title=1954 Alfa Romeo B.A.T. 7|access-date=2019-11-15|website=conceptcarz.com.}}</ref>
|-
| 0.19 || [[ Dodge Intrepid ESX]] Prototipo || 1995
|-
| 0.19 || [[ General Motors Ultralite]] || 1992
|-
| 0.19 || [[Mercedes-Benz Bionic]] Prototipo<ref>{{cite web|author=Frank Giovinazzi |url=http://www.carbuyersnotebook.com/archives/2005/06/mercedes_bionic.htm |title=Mercedes Bionic Concept Car |publisher=Carbuyersnotebook.com |date=2005-06-14 |access-date=2010-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613024142/http://www.carbuyersnotebook.com/archives/2005/06/mercedes_bionic.htm |archive-date=2011-06-13 }}</ref><ref>(Basado en el [[ostraciidae|pez cofre]])</ref> || 2005
|-
| 0.170 || Chrysler Ghia Dart || 1955<ref>Motor Life-1958</ref>
|-
| 0.17 || Pininfarina Fiat 124 Prototipo (Morelli) || 1978
|-
| 0.168 || [[Daihatsu UFE-III]] Prototipo|| 2005<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diseno-art.com/encyclopedia/concept_cars/daihatsu_ufe-III.html |title=Daihatsu UFE-III &#124; Concept Cars |publisher=Diseno-art.com |access-date=2010-12-07}}</ref>
|-
| 0.16 || [[General Motors Precept|GM Precept Prototipo]] (5 asientos)<ref>http://www.electrifyingtimes.com/gmprecept.html</ref>|| 2000
|}
||&nbsp;&nbsp;
||
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col3cen" style="font-size:97%;"
|+ Prototipos/Vehículos experimentales (continuación)
!width=80px|C<sub>x</sub> !!width=250px|Automóvil !!width=120px| Año
|-
| 0.16 || Edison2 [[Very Light Car|VLC]], <small>([[Automotive X Prize]])</small><ref>[http://www.edison2.com/blog/2010/8/20/annoy-as-little-air-as-possible.html Annoy as little air as possible], Edison2 blog</ref> || 2010
|-
| 0.159 || [[Volkswagen XL1]] Prototipo|| 2002
|-
| 0.157 || [[Li-ion Motors]] <small>Wave II ([[Automotive X Prize]])</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.li-ionmotors.com/product.php?cName=Vehicles&pName=Wave&categoryId=2000000&productId=1000001 |title=Li-ion Motors Wave II |publisher=Li-ionmotors.com |access-date=2010-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101218215038/http://li-ionmotors.com/product.php?cName=Vehicles&pName=Wave&categoryId=2000000&productId=1000001 |archive-date=2010-12-18 }}</ref> || 2010
|-
| 0.15 || [[Schlörwagen]]<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bizarre German Car That Was Ultra-Aerodynamic—And Totally Impractical|url=https://www.wired.com/2014/09/german-aerodynamic/|website=Wired|access-date=2014-10-15|date=2014-09-04}}</ref> || 1939
|-
| 0.15 || [[Aptera 2 Series]] 2e Prototipo || 2011
|-
| 0.15 || [[Keris RV Nakoela Team]] <small>([[Shell Eco-marathon|Shell EM]])</small>|| 2015
|-
| 0.149-0.150 || [[ Urbee|Urbee 2]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/news/industry/urbee-2-the-3d-printed-car-that-will-drive-across-the-country-16119485-2 |title=Urbee 2, the 3D-Printed Car That Will Drive Across the Country |journal=Popular Mechanics |first=Joe |last=Bargmann |date=2013-11-04 |access-date=2014-02-10}}</ref> || 2013 <!-- expected in production in a couple of years -->
|-
| 0.147 || [[JCB Dieselmax]] récord diésel || 2006
|-
| 0.14 || [[Fiat Turbina]] Prototipo<ref name="hemmings.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.hemmings.com/hsx/stories/2006/01/01/hmn_feature29.html |title=Turbine Speed with Style |first=Karl |last=Ludvigsen |author-link=Karl Ludvigsen |work=Hemmings Daily |access-date=2019-03-12}}</ref> || 1954
|-
| 0.137 || [[Ford Probe]] V Prototipo || 1985
|-
| 0.125 || [[Sunraycer]], automóvil solar || 1987
|-
| 0.12 || Reflex 1000, bicicleta solar || 1996<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dhenterprises.com.au/ |title=D & H Enterprises, composites and fibreglass technology |publisher=Dhenterprises.com.au |access-date=2010-12-07 |fechaarchivo=12 de marzo de 2020 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20200312020151/http://www.dhenterprises.com.au/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref>
|-
| 0.12 || [[Panhard CD]] LM64 || 1964
|-
| 0.117 || [[Goldenrod]] <small>(récord en Bonneville)</small> || 1965
|-
| 0.08 || [[Fortis Saxonia]] <small>([[Shell Eco-marathon]]) Prototipo</small> || 2007
|-
| 0.072 || [[Alérion Supermileage]] <small>([[Shell Eco-marathon]])</small> || 2013
|-
| 0.07 || [[Nuna]], <small>([[World Solar Challenge]])</small>|| 2001–2007
|-
| 0.0512 || [[Eco-Runner Team Delft|Ecorunner V]] <small>([[Shell Eco-marathon]])</small> Prototipo || 2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ddream.tudelft.nl/en/current/latest-news/article/detail/studenten-tu-delft-bouwen-auto-met-laagste-luchtweerstand-ter-wereld/ |title=TU Delft students build a car with the lowest air resistance in the world |publisher=Delft University of Technology |date=2015-04-20 |access-date=2015-04-29}}</ref>
|-
|0.048
|[[ Eco-Runner Team Delft#The Ecorunner VI|Ecorunner VI]] ([[Shell Eco-marathon]]) || 2016
|-
|0.045
|[[Eco-Runner Team Delft|Ecorunner 8]] ([[Shell Eco-marathon]]) || 2018	
|}
|}

== Área de resistencia ==
Si bien los diseñadores prestan atención a la forma general del automóvil, también tienen en cuenta que reducir el área frontal ayuda a reducir la resistencia del aire. El producto del coeficiente de resistencia y el área - área de resistencia - se representa como '''C<sub>x</sub>·A''' (o '''C<sub>x</sub>A'''), el producto del valor de C<sub>x</sub> por el área frontal.

El término "área de resistencia" procede de la [[aerodinámica]], donde es el producto de un área de referencia (como el área de una sección transversal, el área de superficie total o similar) y el coeficiente de resistencia. En 2003, la revista ''[[Car and Driver]]'' adoptó este valor como una forma más intuitiva de comparar la eficiencia aerodinámica de varios automóviles.

La fuerza necesaria para superar la resistencia es:
<math>\tfrac{1}{2} \times \text{densidad del aire} \times \text{coeficiente de resistencia} \times \text{área de referencia} \times \text{velocidad}^2 </math>

Por lo tanto: <math>\tfrac{1}{2} \times \text{densidad del aire} \times \mathbf{\text{área de resistencia} } \times \text{velocidad}^2 </math>

donde el coeficiente de resistencia y el área de referencia se han contraído en el término del área de resistencia. Esto permite una estimación directa de la fuerza de resistencia a una velocidad dada para cualquier vehículo para el que solo se conoce el área de resistencia y, por lo tanto, una comparación más fácil.

Como el área de resistencia '''C<sub>x</sub>·A''' es el valor fundamental que determina la potencia requerida para una velocidad de crucero dada, es un parámetro crítico para el consumo de combustible a una velocidad constante. Esta relación también permite obtener una estimación de la nueva velocidad máxima de un automóvil con un motor de mayor potencia,
: <math>\text{velocidad máxima estimada} = \text{velocidad máxima original} \times \sqrt[3]{\frac{\text{nueva potencia}}\text{potencia original}} </math>
o la potencia requerida para una velocidad máxima objetivo,
: <math>\text{potencia necesaria} = \text{potencia original} \times \left( \frac{\text{velocidad objetivo}}{\text{velocidad original}} \right)^3 </math>

Los automóviles de pasajeros de tamaño completo promedio tienen un área de resistencia de aproximadamente {{convert|8|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}. Las áreas de resistencia declaradas van desde los 
{{convert|5.1|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} para el [[Honda Insight]] de 1999, hasta los {{convert|26.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} del [[Hummer H2]] de 2003. El área de resistencia de una bicicleta (incluido el ciclista) también está en el rango de {{convert|6.5|-|7.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lafn.org/~dave/trans/energy/bicycle-energy.html#aero_drag |title=(a bicycle's lower frontal area is offset by a higher drag coefficient) |publisher=Lafn.org |access-date=2011-06-28| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110717084256/http://www.lafn.org/~dave/trans/energy/bicycle-energy.html| archive-date=2011-07-17<!--DASHBot-->}}</ref>

{|
|-valign=top
||
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col2cen" style="font-size:97%;" width=500px
|+ Ejemplos de '''C<sub>x</sub>·A''' en automóviles<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mayfco.com/tbls.htm |title=The Mayfield Company Homepage - Coefficient of Drag Tables and Curves |publisher=Mayfco.com |access-date=2010-12-07}}</ref>
|-
!C<sub>x</sub>·A sqft!!C<sub>x</sub>·A m2!!Modelo de automóvil
|-
|width=80px|{{convert|5.2|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} ||width=300px|2019 Mercedes-Benz A 180 d (V177)<ref>{{cita web|url=https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/ko/en/40738906| title=World record defended: The new A-Class Sedan: none is more aerodynamic|date=2018-07-23|publisher=Daimler AG|location=Stuttgart, Germany |access-date=2019-05-18| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519014419/https://media.daimler.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko.xhtml?oid=40738906| archive-date=2019-05-18}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}
|-
| {{convert|5.3|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2013 Mercedes-Benz CLA 180 BlueEff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.sae.org/11931/| title=Mercedes' 2014 CLA is the new low-Cd king|first=Stuart|last=Birch|publisher=SAE International|date=2013-03-18|access-date=2018-01-31| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180201192846/http://articles.sae.org/11931/| archive-date=2018-02-01}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}
|-
| {{convert|5.4|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1989 [[Opel Calibra]] (8 valve)
|-
| {{convert|5.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2015 Audi A4 2.0 TDI ultra (110&nbsp;kW)<ref name="PressAudiA4_8w"/>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}
|-
| {{convert|5.52|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2019 [[Porsche Taycan|Porsche Taycan Turbo]]<ref name=taycan/> 
|-
| {{convert|5.6|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}}|| 2017 BMW 520d EfficientDynamics<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/detail/T0267422EN/technical-specifications-bmw-520d-efficientdynamics-edition-valid-from-03/2017?language=en |title=Technical Specifications BMW 520d EfficientDynamics Edition, valid from 03/2017. |publisher=BMW |date=2017-01-19 |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}
|-
| {{convert|5.6|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1993 [[Mazda RX-7]] FD (base model)<ref name="autospeed.com">http://www.autospeed.com/cms/A_108677/article.html?popularArticle</ref>
|-
| {{convert|5.70|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1985 [[ Subaru XT|Subaru Alcyone/XT/Vortex]]
|-
| {{convert|5.71|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1990 [[Honda CR-X|Honda CR-X Si]]
|-
| {{convert|5.74|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2002 [[Honda NSX]]
|-
| {{convert|5.76|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1968 [[Toyota 2000GT]]
|-
| {{convert|5.80|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1986 [[Toyota MR2]]
|-
| {{convert|5.81|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1989 [[Mitsubishi Eclipse]] GSX
|-
| {{convert|5.86|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2001 [[Audi A2|Audi A2 1.2 TDI 3L]]
|-
| {{convert|5.88|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1990 [[ Nissan 240SX]] / [[ Nissan 180SX#RS13U|200SX]] / [[ 180SX]]
|-
| {{convert|5.90|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2015 [[BMW i8]]<ref>https://arstechnica.com/cars/2015/07/sports-car-with-a-social-conscience-ars-reviews-the-bmw-i8/2/</ref>
|-
| {{convert|5.92|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1994 [[Porsche 911]] Speedster
|-
| {{convert|5.95|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1990 [[Mazda RX-7|Mazda RX7]]
|-
| {{convert|5.96|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1993 [[Mazda RX-7]] FD R1(R2)<ref name="autospeed.com"/>
|-
| {{convert|6.0|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2001 [[Honda Insight]]<ref name=C&D/>
|-
| {{convert|6.00|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[ Subaru SVX]]
|-
| {{convert|6.00|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1970 [[Lamborghini Miura]]
|-
| {{convert|6.05|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2012 [[Tesla Model S]] P85<ref name=C&D/>
|-
| {{convert|6.08|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2008 [[Nissan GT-R]]
|-
| {{convert|6.08|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1989 [[ Geo Metro]]<ref name="ecomodder.com"/>
|-
| {{convert|6.13|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1991 [[Honda NSX]]
|-
| {{convert|6.17|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1995 [[Lamborghini Diablo]]
|-
| {{convert|6.19|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1981 [[Citroën GS]] X3<ref name=citroenetAero/>
|-
| {{convert|6.20|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2014 [[Toyota Prius]]<ref name=C&D/>
|-
| {{convert|6.24|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2004 [[Toyota Prius]]
|-
| {{convert|6.27|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1986 [[Porsche 911]] Carrera
|-
| {{convert|6.27|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[Chevrolet Corvette]]
|-
| {{convert|6.35|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1999 [[Lotus Cars|Lotus Elise]]
|-
| {{convert|6.37|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2000 [[Opel Speedster]] N/A
|-
| {{convert|6.40|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1990 [[Lotus Cars|Lotus Esprit]]
|-
| {{convert|6.41|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2003 [[Smart Roadster]] Coupé
|-
| {{convert|6.54|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1991 [[Saturn S-Series|Saturn Sports Coupe]]
|-
| {{convert|6.57|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1985 [[Chevrolet Corvette]]
|-
| {{convert|6.63|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2001 [[Audi A2]]
|-
| {{convert|6.66|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1996 [[Citroën Saxo]]
|-
| {{convert|6.70|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2014 [[Chevrolet Volt]]<ref name=C&D/>
|-
| {{convert|6.77|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1995 [[BMW M3]]
|}
||
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col2cen" style="font-size:97%;" width=500px
|+ Ejemplos de '''C<sub>x</sub>·A''' en automóviles (continuación)
!C<sub>x</sub>·A sqft!!C<sub>x</sub>·A m2!!Modelo de automóvil
|-
|width=80px|{{convert|6.79|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} ||width=300px| 1993 [[Toyota Corolla]] DX
|-
| {{convert|6.80|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2007 [[BMW E90]] Coupe
|-
| {{convert|6.81|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1991 [[Subaru Legacy]]
|-
| {{convert|6.89|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}}<ref>{{cite press release|title=The All-new Renault Clio: The icon of a new generation fully revealed at Geneva Motor Show|url=https://media.group.renault.com/global/en-gb/renault/media/presspacks/21221396/nouvelle-renault-clio-licone-dune-nouvelle-generation-entierement-revelee-a-geneve|date=2019-03-05|access-date=2019-10-21}}</ref> || 2019 [[Renault Clio]] V
|-
| {{convert|6.90|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1993 [[Saturn S-Series|Saturn Wagon]]
|-
| {{convert|6.93|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1982 [[DMC DeLorean]]
|-
| {{convert|6.94|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2003 [[Smart Roadster]]
|-
| {{convert|6.96|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1988 [[Porsche 944]] S
|-
| {{convert|7.00|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2013 [[ Mercedes-Benz CLA-Class|Mercedes-Benz CLA250]]<ref name=C&D/>
|-
| {{convert|7.02|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[BMW Serie 3|BMW 325I]]
|-
| {{convert|7.04|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || [[Honda Civic (Cuarta Generación)|1991 Honda Civic]] EX
|-
| {{convert|7.06|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2004 [[Opel Speedster]] Turbo
|-
| {{convert|7.10|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1995 [[Saab 900]]
|-
| {{convert|7.11|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1991 [[ Ford Thunderbird (tenth generation)|Ford Thunderbird LX]]
|-
| {{convert|7.13|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1970 [[Citroën SM]]<ref name=citroenetAero/>
|-
| {{convert|7.14|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1995 [[Subaru Legacy]] L
|-
| {{convert|7.20|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1995 [[Nissan Maxima]] GLE
|-
| {{convert|7.34|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2001 [[Honda Civic]]
|-
| {{convert|7.39|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1994 [[Honda Accord]] EX
|-
| {{convert|7.4|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}}|| 2018 [[ BMW X1 (F48)|BMW X1]] sDrive18i<ref name="2018BMWX1">{{cite press release |url=https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/global/article/attachment/T0286555EN/419620|title=Specifications of the BMW X1, valid from 09/2018. |publisher=BMW Group |date=2018-05-11 |access-date=2019-03-29}}</ref>{{efn|name=EU|European market}}
|-
| {{convert|7.48|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1993 [[Chevrolet Camaro]] Z28
|-
| {{convert|7.57|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[Toyota Camry]]
|-
| {{convert|7.63|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1974 [[Citroën CX]]<ref name=citroenetAero/>
|-
| {{convert|7.69|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1994 [[Chrysler LHS]]
|-
| {{convert|7.72|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1993 [[Subaru Impreza]]
|-
| {{convert|7.80|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2012 [[Nissan Leaf]] SL<ref name=C&D/>
|-
| {{convert|8.02|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2005 [[Bugatti Veyron]]
|-
| {{convert|8.1|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2016 [[Renault ZOE]]<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://media.group.renault.com/global/en-gb/download/84850|title=Renault Zoe Technical Specifications|publisher=Renault Press|date=2016-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180219235311/https://media.group.renault.com/global/en-gb/download/84850|archive-date=2018-02-19}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|8.70|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1990 [[ Volvo 740]] Turbo
|-
| {{convert|8.70|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[Ford Crown Victoria]]
|-
| {{convert|8.71|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1991 [[Buick LeSabre]] Limited
|-
| {{convert|8.79|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1956 [[Citroën DS]] Spécial<ref name=citroenetAero/>
|-
| {{convert|9.54|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[Chevrolet Caprice]] Wagon
|-
| {{convert|9.95|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2016 [[ Chrysler Pacifica (RU)|Chrysler Pacifica]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Brooke|first1=Lindsay|title=2017 Pacifica is first hybrid minivan, rides on all-new FCA platform - SAE International|url=https://www.sae.org/news/2016/01/2017-pacifica-is-first-hybrid-minivan-rides-on-all-new-fca-platform|website=articles.sae.org|publisher=SAE International|date=2016-01-11|access-date=2019-01-23}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|10.7|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1992 [[ Chevrolet K5 Blazer|Chevrolet Blazer]]
|-
| {{convert|11.6|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2005 [[Ford Escape]]
|-
| {{convert|11.7|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1993 [[Jeep Grand Cherokee]]
|-
| {{convert|12.2|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1949 [[Nash Motors|Nash Airflyte]]
|-
| {{convert|13.0|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2019 [[Ram Pickup|Ram 1500]]<ref>{{cite web|title=2019 Ram 1500 – More Space. More Storage. More Technology|url=https://www.ramtrucks.com/2019/ram-1500.html|website=www.ramtrucks.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116135154/https://www.ramtrucks.com/2019/ram-1500.html|archive-date=2018-01-16|access-date=2018-02-24}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|16.8|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2006 [[Hummer H3]]
|-
| {{convert|17.4|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1995 [[Land Rover Discovery]]
|-
| {{convert|26.5|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2003 [[Hummer H2]]
|}
|}

{|
|- valign=top
|
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col2cen" style="font-size:97%;" width=500px
|+Prototipos/automóviles experimentales
|-
! C<sub>x</sub>·A sqft!! C<sub>x</sub>·A m2!! Modelo de automóvil
|-
|width=80px|{{convert|0.21|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} ||width=300px |[[Pac-car II]]<ref>{{cite book|title=The world's most fuel efficient vehicle : design and development of Pac Car II|last1=Santin|first1=J. J.|last2=Onder|first2=C.H.|last3=Bernard|first3=J.|last4=Isler|first4=D.|last5=Kobler|first5=P.|last6=Kolb|first6=F.|last7=Weidmann|first7=N.|last8=Guzzella|first8=L.|date=2007|publisher=vdf, Hochschulverlag AG and der ETH|isbn=978-3-7281-3134-8|location=Zürich|page=113}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|2.04|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2011 [[Aptera 2 Series]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://igss.wikidot.com/power-consumption  |title=Power Consumption - IGSS'13 |access-date=2015-09-30}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|2.10|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2013 [[ Urbee 2]]<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.design-engineering.com/features/the-future-of-automotive-design-design-eng/  |title=The Future of Automotive Design? |first=Mike |last=McLeod |work=Design Engineering |date=2013-05-26 |access-date=2015-09-25}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|2.50|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1986 [[Twike]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~et181/hpv/hpvplot.html |title=Program: hpvplot (updated 11/12/07) |publisher=Ent.ohiou.edu |access-date=2010-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216071452/http://www.ent.ohiou.edu/~et181/hpv/hpvplot.html |archive-date=2008-12-16 }}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|2.54|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2002 Opel Eco-Speedster<ref name="#1"/>
|-
| {{convert|2.69|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2009 [[ Loremo]]
|-
| {{convert|2.78|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2010 Edison2 [[ Very Light Car]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wot.motortrend.com/350-mpge-at-20000-edison2-very-light-car-first-look-354429.html |title=350 MPGe at $20,000? |access-date=2015-09-30}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|3.27|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} ||1987 Renault VESTA II<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/automobile/innovations/renault-la-vesta-2-plus-performante-en-1987-qu-eolab-en-2015-18-09-2014-1864234_652.php|title=Renault : la Vesta 2 plus performante en 1987 que l'Eolab en 2015|last=Maroselli|first=Yves|date=2014-09-18|work=Le Point|access-date=2018-02-08|language=fr-FR}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|4.72|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2014 [[Volkswagen XL1|Volkswagen XL Sport]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.topgear.com/car-news/paris-motor-show/vw-reveals-197bhp-xl-sport |title=VW reveals 197bhp XL Sport |publisher=TopGear.com |access-date=2020-01-21}}</ref>
|-
| {{convert|5.00|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 2005 [[ Mercedes-Benz Bionic]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://engineact.com/Mercedes_benz/Mercedes_Benz-Bionic.html |title=Specs of Mercedes-Benz Bionic Car Concept (2005) |publisher=engineact |access-date=2013-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424050941/http://engineact.com/Mercedes_benz/Mercedes_Benz-Bionic.html |archive-date=2014-04-24 }}</ref>
|}
|
{| class="wikitable sortable col1cen col2cen" style="font-size:97%;" width=500px
|+Automóviles de producción limitada
|-
! C<sub>x</sub>·A sqft!! C<sub>x</sub>·A m2!! Modelo de automóvil
|-
|width=80px |{{convert|3.00|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} ||width=300px|2011 [[Volkswagen XL1]]
|-
| {{convert|3.95|sqft|m2|abbr=on|disp=table}} || 1996 [[General Motors EV1|GM EV1]]
|-
|}
|}

== Véase también ==
* [[Aerodinámica del automóvil]]
* [[Resistencia aerodinámica]]
* [[Ecuación de resistencia]]
* [[Paul Jaray]]

== Referencias ==
{{listaref|2}}

== Enlaces externos ==
* [http://rc.opelgt.org/indexcw.php 500 coeficientes de resistencia adicionales]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155049/http://www.edmunds.com/advice/specialreports/articles/106954/article.html Mejora de la aerodinámica para impulsar el ahorro de combustible]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070607000714/http://tauac.typepad.com/ac/2007/05/tau_drag_reduct.html La Universidad de Tel Aviv reduce la resistencia de los camiones en un 10%]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090318010755/http://physics.technion.ac.il/~rutman/car/Roll-down%20test.pdf Prueba desplegable simple para medir Cx y Crr para coches y bicicletas]

{{Control de autoridades}}
[[Categoría:Ingeniería automotriz]]