Diagram of the Box Muller transform, which transforms uniformly distributed value pairs to normally distributed value pairs. The initial circles, uniformly spaced about the origin, are mapped to another set of circles about the origin that are closely spaced near the origin but quickly spread out. The largest circles in the domain map to the smallest circles in the range and the smallest to the largest.

Created by Derrick Coetzee in Mathematica and Adobe Illustrator using the following Mathematica code:

Export["box_muller_1.eps",
Show[Table[{Graphics[Hue[r/1.1 + 0.1]], Graphics[Circle[{0, 0}, r]]}, {r, 0.1,
       1, 0.1}], Axes -> Automatic, AspectRatio -> 1]];

Export["box_muller_2.eps",
Show[Table[{Graphics[Hue[r/1.1 + 0.1]], 
      Graphics[Circle[{0, 0}, Sqrt[-2.0 Log[r]/r]]]}, {r, 0.1, 1, 0.1}], 
  Axes -> Automatic, AspectRatio -> 1]];

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